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弥合差距:整合阿片类镇痛与免疫疗法以实现最佳癌症治疗

Mending the divide: integrating opioid analgesia and immunotherapy for optimal cancer care.

作者信息

DeJohn Celia, Zsiros Emese

机构信息

Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.

Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA

出版信息

J Immunother Cancer. 2025 May 15;13(5):e011644. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2025-011644.

Abstract

Opioids remain a mainstay for managing moderate-to-severe cancer pain, yet accumulating evidence suggests that opioid analgesics can impair antitumor immunity. In their recent study, McIlvried propose a mechanistic framework for how morphine administration compromises response to anti-programmed-death-1 immunotherapy in a syngeneic mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. They identify mu-opioid receptor signaling on CD8+ T cells as the main conduit for morphine-induced immunosuppression, observing reduced T-cell infiltration, enhanced expression of inhibitory receptors, and diminished tumor control when morphine is used. Remarkably, these adverse effects are reversed by peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs), which block immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment while presumably preserving central pain relief. Their work highlights a critical intersection between opioid-based analgesia and immunotherapy, emphasizing the need for clinicians and researchers to weigh pain control approaches against potential immunologic consequences. This commentary explores the study's implications for head and neck cancer management, addresses practical ways to mitigate opioid-induced immune inhibition, and calls for prospective trials incorporating PAMORAs in immuno-oncology protocols. Balancing effective analgesia with optimal tumor-directed immunity may yield better outcomes for patients with oral cancer and beyond.

摘要

阿片类药物仍然是治疗中重度癌症疼痛的主要手段,但越来越多的证据表明,阿片类镇痛药会损害抗肿瘤免疫力。在他们最近的研究中,麦基弗里德提出了一个机制框架,阐述了在口腔鳞状细胞癌的同基因小鼠模型中,给予吗啡是如何损害对程序性死亡-1免疫疗法的反应的。他们确定CD8+T细胞上的μ-阿片受体信号传导是吗啡诱导免疫抑制的主要途径,观察到当使用吗啡时,T细胞浸润减少、抑制性受体表达增强以及肿瘤控制减弱。值得注意的是,外周作用的μ-阿片受体拮抗剂(PAMORAs)可逆转这些不良反应,该类拮抗剂可阻断肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制,同时可能保留中枢性疼痛缓解作用。他们的工作突出了基于阿片类药物的镇痛与免疫疗法之间的关键交叉点,强调临床医生和研究人员需要权衡疼痛控制方法与潜在免疫后果。本评论探讨了该研究对头颈部癌症管理的影响,阐述了减轻阿片类药物诱导的免疫抑制的实际方法,并呼吁在免疫肿瘤学方案中纳入PAMORAs的前瞻性试验。在有效镇痛与最佳肿瘤导向免疫之间取得平衡,可能会为口腔癌及其他患者带来更好的治疗效果。

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引用本文的文献

本文引用的文献

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Morphine treatment restricts response to immunotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
J Immunother Cancer. 2024 Nov 17;12(11):e009962. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009962.
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Dezocine promotes T lymphocyte activation and inhibits tumor metastasis after surgery in a mouse model.
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