Leite Brenda K V, Orrico Ana C A, Orrico Junior Marco A P, Aspilcueta Borquis Rusbel R, Oliveira Juliana D, Macena Isabelly A, Ota Erika C, Vilela Ranielle N S, Silva Tarcila S C, Inoue Luis A K A
Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Aquidauana 79200-000, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados 79825-070, Brasil.
ACS Omega. 2025 Apr 30;10(18):18501-18509. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10922. eCollection 2025 May 13.
During composting, nitrogen loss primarily occurs in the form of ammonia, which negatively affects the quality of organic fertilizers, because nitrogen is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth. Additives are often employed to mitigate these losses, particularly when composted waste contains high nitrogen levels. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of biochar and crude glycerin as additives in the composting of fish waste in static windrows. Based on fresh weight, five treatments were evaluated: control (no additive), 5 and 10% biochar, and 5 and 10% crude glycerin, over three time periods (50, 70, and 90 days of composting). A 3:1 (mass/mass) ratio of fish waste to bulking agent was used, and the mixture was placed in nylon bags to enhance additive assessment. Thermophilic temperatures were achieved during the early stages of composting and after turning. There were no significant differences ( > 0.05) between the control and additive treatments in terms of the reduction in total solids, volatile solids, carbon, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, with averages of 52.0%, 57.8%, 52.3%, 77.3%, 63.9%, and 60.7%, respectively. The additives accelerated fiber degradation ( < 0.05). The control treatment exhibited higher nitrogen loss (56.9%) than the biochar treatments (average of 50.6%), whereas the 5% glycerin treatment resulted in the lowest nitrogen loss (26.9%). No significant differences were observed in the macro- and micronutrient concentrations between the treatments ( > 0.05). Thus, biochar and crude glycerin are recommended as additives to reduce nitrogen loss without impairing the organic matter degradation.
在堆肥过程中，氮素损失主要以氨的形式发生，这会对有机肥料的质量产生负面影响，因为氮是植物生长所需的关键大量营养素。通常会使用添加剂来减少这些损失，尤其是当堆肥废物中氮含量较高时。本研究旨在评估生物炭和粗甘油作为添加剂在静态条垛式鱼废料堆肥中的有效性。基于鲜重，在三个时间段（堆肥50、70和90天）内评估了五种处理方式：对照（无添加剂）、5%和10%的生物炭，以及5%和10%的粗甘油。鱼废料与膨松剂的质量比为3:1，并将混合物装入尼龙袋以加强对添加剂的评估。在堆肥早期和翻堆后达到了嗜热温度。在总固体、挥发性固体、碳、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素的减少方面，对照处理和添加剂处理之间没有显著差异（>0.05），其平均值分别为52.0%、57.8%、52.3%、77.3%、63.9%和60.7%。添加剂加速了纤维降解（<0.05）。对照处理的氮损失率（56.9%）高于生物炭处理（平均为50.6%），而5%甘油处理的氮损失率最低（26.9%）。各处理之间的大量和微量营养素浓度没有显著差异（>0.05）。因此，建议使用生物炭和粗甘油作为添加剂来减少氮损失，同时不影响有机物的降解。
