Forskolin stimulation of adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes.

Forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes approximately 7-fold with half-maximal stimulation occurring at 5-10 microM. Guanine nucleotides are not required for stimulation of the enzyme by forskolin. Forskolin-stimulation is additive or greater than additive with that of TSH or Gpp(NH)p- (above 1 microM). Different from TSH- or Gpp(NH)p-stimulation of adenylate cyclase, uncoupling of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component by increasing concentrations of MnCl2 did not result in uncoupling of forskolin stimulation. The finding indicates that forskolin may mainly act on the catalytic component of adenylate cyclase. From the present study, it is suggested that the diterpene forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes by a novel mechanism that differs from TSH- or Gpp(NH)p-stimulation, and that the diterpene may be a useful tool to investigate the metabolism of thyroid and its regulation in normal and pathological situations.