Drath Isabell, Richter Franziska, Feja Malte
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany.
Transl Neurodegener. 2025 May 19;14(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40035-025-00481-w.
There is increasing interest in nose-to-brain delivery as an innovative drug delivery strategy for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. The unique anatomy of the nose-brain interface facilitates direct drug transport via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Different administration techniques as well as advanced drug formulations like targeted nanoparticles and thermoresponsive systems have been explored to improve the delivery efficiency and the therapeutic efficacy. This review provides an up-to-date perspective on this fast-developing field, and discusses different studies on safety and pharmacokinetic properties. A thorough evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies reveals both promises and challenges of this delivery method, highlighting approved drugs for the treatment of epilepsy and migraine that successfully utilize intranasal routes. The current landscape of research on nose-to-brain delivery is critically discussed, and a rationale is provided for ongoing research to optimize therapeutic strategies.
作为一种针对帕金森病或阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的创新给药策略，鼻脑给药越来越受到关注。鼻脑界面独特的解剖结构有助于药物通过嗅觉和三叉神经通路直接转运至大脑，从而绕过血脑屏障。人们探索了不同的给药技术以及靶向纳米颗粒和热响应系统等先进的药物制剂，以提高给药效率和治疗效果。本综述提供了关于这一快速发展领域的最新观点，并讨论了有关安全性和药代动力学特性的不同研究。对临床前和临床研究的全面评估揭示了这种给药方法的前景和挑战，突出了成功采用鼻内给药途径治疗癫痫和偏头痛的获批药物。本文对鼻脑给药的当前研究状况进行了批判性讨论，并为正在进行的优化治疗策略的研究提供了理论依据。
