Kaboré Michaël, Hien Yéri Esther, Koussé Dado Jean Noël, Thiombiano Fatimata, Ouédraogo Mireille, Nikiema Abdoul Rahamani, Ibrango Enock, Ouédraogo Nicolas, Cherif Mariama K, Ilboudo Sylvain, Rouamba Toussaint, Sanou Guillaume Sylvestre
Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LaBIA), École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Laboratoire de Développement du Médicament, Centre d'Excellence Africain de Formation, de Recherche et d'Expertises en Sciences du Médicament, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (LADME/CEA-CFOREM/UJKZ), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Parasit Vectors. 2025 May 19;18(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06792-1.
Malaria control would be greatly facilitated by the development of new tools for rapidly assessing malaria transmission intensity. In malaria-endemic areas such as Burkina Faso, human populations are frequently exposed to immunomodulatory salivary components injected during mosquito blood feeding. Numerous studies have examined parasite immunity; however, there are few data available on vector immunity as a means of assessing malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study aims to compare IgG-specific response to salivary gland extracts (SGE) of Anopheles gambiae (An. gambiae) in populations living in urban and rural areas in Burkina Faso.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in two sites, Ouagadougou city and Sapouy village, where blood samples (n = 676) from children (0-15 years) and adults were collected. After An. gambiae salivary protein isolation, the antibody (IgG) response to those SGE was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), representing a proxy of Anopheles exposure. The difference in antibody concentrations between groups was tested using parametric tests (Student's t-test and analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U (Wilcoxon rank-sum) test. All differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
The study population consisted of 63.0% males and 37.0% females (average age = 31.2 ± 17.8 years). IgG antibodies against An. gambiae salivary protein were detected in all study participants. Urban participants demonstrated a greater mean IgG level to An. gambiae bites than rural (P < 0.0001). The mean IgG level was higher in secondary school children compared with primary school children (P < 0.0001). Organic cotton farmers held higher IgG to An. gambiae bites than conventional cotton farmers (P = 0.0027).
The evaluation of IgG specific to mosquito salivary gland extracts as immunological biomarkers in populations in Burkina Faso allowed us to show that the human anti-SGE IgG level to An. gambiae bites is strongly influenced by the living environment and the use of insecticides in agriculture.
新型快速评估疟疾传播强度工具的开发将极大促进疟疾防控。在布基纳法索等疟疾流行地区，人群经常接触蚊子吸血时注入的免疫调节唾液成分。众多研究已对寄生虫免疫进行了检测；然而，在撒哈拉以南非洲，作为评估疟疾传播手段的媒介免疫方面的数据却很少。本研究旨在比较布基纳法索城乡居民对冈比亚按蚊唾液腺提取物（SGE）的IgG特异性反应。
在瓦加杜古市和萨普伊村两个地点开展了一项横断面描述性研究，收集了儿童（0至15岁）和成人的血样（n = 676）。分离出冈比亚按蚊唾液蛋白后，通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）评估对这些SGE的抗体（IgG）反应，以此代表对按蚊的接触情况。使用参数检验（学生t检验和方差分析[ANOVA]）以及非参数曼-惠特尼U检验（威尔科克森秩和检验）来检验组间抗体浓度差异。所有差异在P < 0.05时被视为具有统计学意义。
研究人群中男性占63.0%，女性占37.0%（平均年龄 = 31.2 ± 17.8岁）。在所有研究参与者中均检测到了针对冈比亚按蚊唾液蛋白的IgG抗体。城市参与者对冈比亚按蚊叮咬的平均IgG水平高于农村参与者（P < 0.0001）。与小学生相比，中学生的平均IgG水平更高（P < 0.0001）。有机棉种植农民对冈比亚按蚊叮咬的IgG水平高于传统棉农（P = 0.0027）。
在布基纳法索人群中，将针对蚊唾液腺提取物的IgG特异性作为免疫生物标志物进行评估，使我们能够表明人类对冈比亚按蚊叮咬的抗SGE IgG水平受生活环境和农业中杀虫剂使用情况的强烈影响。
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