Yacine Ayadi, Zain Ali Muhammad, Alharbi Amal Bayen, Qubayl Alanaz Huda, Saud Alrahili Ahmad, Alkhdairi Ahmad A
Department of Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Algiers, DZA.
Department of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, CHN.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 19;17(4):e82579. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82579. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Chronic inflammation is a prolonged immune response that contributes to various diseases, including neuropathies, autoimmune conditions, and metabolic disorders. This review explores the role of chronic inflammation across multiple medical specialties, emphasizing its impact on diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and chronic hepatitis. It highlights common inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP), which drive tissue damage and disease progression. Infections, particularly viral and bacterial agents, trigger inflammatory responses through mechanisms such as molecular mimicry and bystander activation, leading to chronic pain and neuropathy. While current treatments, including corticosteroids and biologics, offer some relief, they are often limited by side effects and insufficient symptom resolution. This review suggests that future therapeutic strategies should focus on targeted inflammation modulation, bioelectronic medicine, and early intervention. Addressing the multifaceted nature of chronic inflammatory syndromes is crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
慢性炎症是一种持续的免疫反应，可导致多种疾病，包括神经病变、自身免疫性疾病和代谢紊乱。本综述探讨了慢性炎症在多个医学专科中的作用，强调其对慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病（CIDP）、类风湿性关节炎（RA）和慢性肝炎等疾病的影响。它突出了常见的炎症生物标志物，如肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和C反应蛋白（CRP），这些生物标志物会驱动组织损伤和疾病进展。感染，尤其是病毒和细菌病原体，通过分子模拟和旁观者激活等机制引发炎症反应，导致慢性疼痛和神经病变。虽然目前的治疗方法，包括皮质类固醇和生物制剂，能提供一些缓解，但它们往往受到副作用和症状缓解不足的限制。本综述表明，未来的治疗策略应侧重于靶向炎症调节、生物电子医学和早期干预。应对慢性炎症综合征的多方面性质对于改善患者预后和生活质量至关重要。
