Xu Susan, Hu Michael, Powell Jeffrey, Zhuang Ziqing
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
Appl Hum Factors Ergon Conf. 2021 Jun;264:231-238. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-79763-8_28.
Firefighters are required to use a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for respiratory protection when engaged in a variety of firefighting duties. While the SCBA provides crucial respiratory support and protection, it is also cumbersome and heavy. Questions have arisen to address the current weight limitation listed in 42 CFR Part 84, which mandates the maximum weight of 16kg (35.2 lbs.) for an SCBA system. The objective of the overarching study is to inform a maximum comfortable SCBA weight by developing static and dynamic biomechanical models and collecting physiological burden and postural stability data to evaluate stressors for firefighting tasks. This paper presents data from the static models. Eight representative firefighting tasks (stair climb, hose carry, weighted carry, rope pull, dummy drag, hammer slam, overhaul, and hose advance) were used in the biomechanical models. Maximum comfortable SCBA weights were calculated based on three biomechanical models (abdominal extension/tension, lateral extension/tension, and abdominal rotation). This study found that the maximum comfortable weight for an SCBA was 39 lbs. for the static postures of interest. Further studies with human subjects to investigate the SCBA weight limit by using physiological burden and dynamic models are underway and will provide crucial data to inform updates to the current weight limits for SCBAs allowing more features and extended durations of these devices without compromising user safety, performance, or comfort.
消防员在执行各种灭火任务时,需要使用自给式呼吸器(SCBA)进行呼吸防护。虽然SCBA提供了至关重要的呼吸支持和保护,但它也笨重且沉重。人们对42 CFR Part 84中列出的当前重量限制提出了疑问,该规定要求SCBA系统的最大重量为16千克(35.2磅)。总体研究的目标是通过开发静态和动态生物力学模型,并收集生理负担和姿势稳定性数据来评估灭火任务的压力源,从而确定SCBA的最大舒适重量。本文展示了来自静态模型的数据。生物力学模型中使用了八项具有代表性的灭火任务(爬楼梯、搬运水带、负重搬运、拉绳索、拖拽假人、锤击、检修和推进水带)。基于三种生物力学模型(腹部伸展/拉伸、侧向伸展/拉伸和腹部旋转)计算了SCBA的最大舒适重量。本研究发现,对于感兴趣的静态姿势,SCBA的最大舒适重量为39磅。目前正在对人体受试者进行进一步研究,以通过使用生理负担和动态模型来调查SCBA的重量限制,这将提供关键数据,以便为更新当前SCBA的重量限制提供参考,从而在不影响用户安全、性能或舒适度的情况下,增加这些设备的功能并延长其使用时长。