Gagnon Stephanie D, Qian Jiani, Belhac Vladimir, Martin Neil R W
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2025 May 20. doi: 10.1007/s11626-025-01041-2.
Ageing and reduced levels of physical activity are associated with desensitisation of skeletal muscle to the anabolic effects of amino acids. In vitro studies have indicated that many properties of skeletal muscle tissue are retained in human myotubes, including metabolic alterations associated with exercise and disease. However, the interaction between ageing and physical activity on amino acid sensing and growth has not been explored in human myotubes in vitro. Muscle-derived cells were isolated from biopsies taken from eight young (Y: 23.4 ± 1.9 yr), six older (O: 72.5 ± 5.0 yr), and nine older exercise trained (OT: 71.0 ± 4.1 yr, n = 9) men, and myotube cultures were generated and investigated for growth parameters and amino acid induced changes in mTORC1 signalling and protein synthesis. Our results indicated that muscle cell fusion was similar between groups, but myotube diameter was lower in cultures derived from O individuals. Despite this, mTORC1 signalling, as indicated by immunoblots for phosphorylation of mTOR, rpS6, and 4E-BP1 increased to a similar extent in response to amino acid availability in Y, O, and OT myotubes. Furthermore, measures of protein synthesis using the SUnSET assay were increased similarly between groups after the addition of amino acids. These data suggest that skeletal muscle desensitisation to amino acids with ageing is not observed in myotubes cultured in vitro, which could be reflective of the healthy individuals tested in our study or point towards the importance of the muscle niche in the impairments in muscle metabolism in ageing.
衰老和身体活动水平降低与骨骼肌对氨基酸合成代谢作用的脱敏有关。体外研究表明,骨骼肌组织的许多特性在人肌管中得以保留,包括与运动和疾病相关的代谢改变。然而,衰老与身体活动对氨基酸感知和生长的相互作用尚未在体外人肌管中进行探索。从八名年轻男性(Y组:23.4±1.9岁)、六名老年男性(O组:72.5±5.0岁)和九名接受运动训练的老年男性(OT组:71.0±4.1岁,n = 9)的活检组织中分离出肌肉来源的细胞,生成肌管培养物,并研究其生长参数以及氨基酸诱导的mTORC1信号传导和蛋白质合成变化。我们的结果表明,各组之间肌肉细胞融合情况相似,但O组来源的培养物中肌管直径较小。尽管如此,mTORC1信号传导,如通过mTOR、rpS6和4E - BP1磷酸化的免疫印迹所示,在Y组、O组和OT组肌管中,对氨基酸可用性的反应增加程度相似。此外,添加氨基酸后,使用SUnSET测定法测量的蛋白质合成在各组之间的增加情况相似。这些数据表明,在体外培养的肌管中未观察到随着衰老骨骼肌对氨基酸的脱敏现象,这可能反映了我们研究中测试的健康个体情况,或者表明肌肉微环境在衰老过程中肌肉代谢受损方面的重要性。