Wang Zhao-Xu, Wang Duan-da, Wang Shu-Tao, Song Yong-Yang
Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research，University of Science and Technology of China，Suzhou 215123，China.
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China.
Se Pu. 2025 Jun;43(6):594-605. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.05032.
Chromatography， a highly efficient and selective separation technology， is broadly applicable and exhibits a range of developmental prospects. The stationary phase of a chromatography column is the most important component of chromatography； hence， the development of advanced stationary-phase materials that exhibit highly resolved separation performance is a continuing research hotspot in this field. In this regard， ordered porous materials （OPMs） are advantageous owing to their precisely controllable pore sizes， morphologies， and regularly arranged pore structures， which are capable of accurately sieving molecules of different sizes and shapes， and reducing disordered molecular diffusion in the flow path. Such materials overcome the limitation of separation accuracy of traditional chromatographic materials， and effectively solve the problems faced by scientific research and industry in the purification of raw materials and products. Over the past few decades， a variety of new OPMs have been developed and used as stationary-phase matrices in chromatography columns. These materials have efficiently and rapidly separated homologues， isomers， isotopes， and other substances with similar properties， and have delivered excellent chromatographic separation and analysis results. In this review， we first discuss the influence of ordered porous structures on column efficiency and resolution during chromatographic separation from a theoretical perspective， which provides a basis for the use of OPMs as stationary phases in chromatography. This review then summarizes research progress on several different OPM types for use in chromatographic separation and analysis applications， including metal organic frameworks （MOFs）， covalent organic frameworks （COFs）， porous organic cages （POCs）， mesoporous silica materials， block copolymer （BCP） assemblies， and high internal-phase emulsion polymers （PolyHIPEs）. The review concludes by discussing current challenges faced by chromatographic OPMs as well as directions for future development.
色谱法是一种高效且具有选择性的分离技术，应用广泛且展现出一系列发展前景。色谱柱的固定相是色谱法中最重要的组成部分；因此，开发具有高分辨率分离性能的先进固定相材料一直是该领域持续的研究热点。在这方面，有序多孔材料（OPM）具有优势，因为其孔径、形态可精确控制，孔结构规则排列，能够准确筛分不同大小和形状的分子，并减少流路中分子的无序扩散。这类材料克服了传统色谱材料分离精度的限制，有效解决了科研和工业在原材料及产品纯化过程中面临的问题。在过去几十年里，已开发出多种新型OPM并用作色谱柱的固定相基质。这些材料已高效快速地分离了同系物、异构体、同位素及其他性质相似的物质，并取得了优异的色谱分离和分析结果。在本综述中，我们首先从理论角度讨论有序多孔结构在色谱分离过程中对柱效和分辨率的影响，这为将OPM用作色谱固定相提供了依据。本综述接着总结了几种不同类型的OPM用于色谱分离和分析应用的研究进展，包括金属有机框架（MOF）、共价有机框架（COF）、多孔有机笼（POC）、介孔二氧化硅材料、嵌段共聚物（BCP）组装体和高内相乳液聚合物（PolyHIPE）。综述最后讨论了色谱OPM目前面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向。
