Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of fracture‑dislocation of the coccyx (Review).

Coccyx fracture-dislocation is a common injury encountered in emergency trauma surgery, often resulting from direct impact. For the majority of patients, conservative treatment is recommended and can alleviate the pain associated with the injury. However, some patients respond poorly to conservative therapy and develop chronic, intractable sacrococcygeal pain. Advancements in clinical practice have resulted in the development of various treatment modalities for coccyx fracture-dislocation, including pulsed radiofrequency therapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, local drug injections, surgical treatments and conventional lateral recumbency combined with oral analgesia. The present review summarizes the literature on coccyx fracture-dislocation, including information on its epidemiology, anatomy, etiology, diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the review is to serve as a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of coccyx fracture-dislocation.