Li Chunli, Wang Binsheng
Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2025 May;13(5):e70203. doi: 10.1002/iid3.70203.
P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel that, upon activation by ATP, triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and induces apoptosis in cells. This channel plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Recently, there has been a growing body of research focused on the function of P2X7R receptors in ophthalmic conditions, particularly concerning retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa.
This article is to provide a comprehensive review of the advancements in the study of P2X7R and its association with retinal diseases, elucidating its role in these conditions and identifying potential avenues for future research.
Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Wan fang Data were searched for relevant literature. The following keywords were used: "P2X7R", Age-related macular degeneration", "Diabetic retinopathy", "Retinitis pigmentosa". Both preclinical and clinical studies were included to provide a holistic understanding of P2X7R's role in retinal pathology.
P2X7R activation exacerbates retinal diseases by promoting inflammation and apoptosis. However, its role in disease progression and homeostasis complicates therapeutic targeting, highlighting the need for selective inhibitors and further research into its context-dependent functions.
P2X7R plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. At the same time, preclinical studies suggest that P2X7R inhibition holds promise as a therapeutic strategy. Future research should focus on developing selective P2X7R inhibitors, elucidating the receptor's role in different disease stages, and identifying biomarkers to guide personalized treatment. Addressing these challenges will be essential for translating P2X7R-targeted therapies into clinical practice and improving outcomes for patients with retinal diseases.
P2X嘌呤受体7型（P2X7R）是一种ATP门控离子通道，在被ATP激活后，会触发炎症介质的释放并诱导细胞凋亡。该通道在多种疾病的发生和发展中起着关键作用。最近，越来越多的研究聚焦于P2X7R受体在眼科疾病中的功能，特别是与年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变和视网膜色素变性等视网膜疾病相关的研究。
本文旨在全面综述P2X7R的研究进展及其与视网膜疾病的关联，阐明其在这些疾病中的作用，并确定未来研究的潜在方向。
通过检索包括PubMed、Web of Science和万方数据在内的电子数据库，查找相关文献。使用了以下关键词：“P2X7R”、“年龄相关性黄斑变性”、“糖尿病视网膜病变”、“视网膜色素变性”。纳入了临床前和临床研究，以全面了解P2X7R在视网膜病理中的作用。
P2X7R的激活通过促进炎症和凋亡加重视网膜疾病。然而，其在疾病进展和内环境稳态中的作用使治疗靶点变得复杂，凸显了对选择性抑制剂的需求以及对其上下文依赖性功能的进一步研究。
P2X7R在视网膜疾病的发病机制中起关键作用。同时，临床前研究表明抑制P2X7R有望成为一种治疗策略。未来的研究应集中在开发选择性P2X7R抑制剂、阐明该受体在不同疾病阶段的作用以及确定指导个性化治疗的生物标志物。应对这些挑战对于将以P2X7R为靶点的治疗方法转化为临床实践并改善视网膜疾病患者的治疗效果至关重要。
