Elaiw A M, Almohaimeed E A
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
J Biol Dyn. 2025 Dec;19(1):2506536. doi: 10.1080/17513758.2025.2506536. Epub 2025 May 21.
This paper formulates a mathematical model for the co-infection of HTLV-2 and HIV-1 with latent reservoirs, four types of distributed-time delays and HIV-1-specific B cells. We establish that the solutions remain bounded and nonnegative, identify the system's steady states, and derive sufficient conditions ensuring both their existence and global asymptotic stability. The system's global stability is confirmed using Lyapunov's method. We provide numerical simulations to support the stability results. Sensitivity analysis of basic reproduction numbers of HTLV-2 mono-infection () and HIV-1 mono-infection () is conducted. We examine how time delays influence the interaction between HIV-1 and HTLV-2. Including delay terms in the model reflects the influence of antiviral treatments, which help decrease and , thus limiting the spread of infection. This highlights the potential for designing therapies that prolong delay period. Incorporating such delays improves model precision and supports more effective evaluation of treatment strategies.
本文针对HTLV - 2和HIV - 1的合并感染构建了一个数学模型，该模型考虑了潜伏库、四种分布时滞以及HIV - 1特异性B细胞。我们证明了解保持有界且非负，确定了系统的稳态，并推导了确保其存在性和全局渐近稳定性的充分条件。使用李雅普诺夫方法证实了系统的全局稳定性。我们提供了数值模拟以支持稳定性结果。对HTLV - 2单一感染（）和HIV - 1单一感染（）的基本再生数进行了敏感性分析。我们研究了时滞如何影响HIV - 1和HTLV - 2之间的相互作用。在模型中纳入时滞项反映了抗病毒治疗的影响，这有助于降低和，从而限制感染的传播。这突出了设计延长延迟期疗法的潜力。纳入此类时滞提高了模型精度，并支持对治疗策略进行更有效的评估。
