Zhang Yu, Zhu Dong, Xie Jun, Xie Jiawei, Yuan Chaolei, Shi Xiaojun
School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Aug 15;494:138578. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138578. Epub 2025 May 16.
The vertical migration behavior of antibiotics in long-term manure-fertilized soils during rainfall remains unclear. Here, we examined antibiotics in soil profiles (0-60 cm) and leachates following each rainfall event throughout a year for three soils (acidic, neutral, and calcareous) with a 13-year history of manure application. The total concentrations of all the antibiotics in the soil profile (11.04-190.32 μg/kg) and the yearly cumulative load of these antibiotics in the leachate (4070-6900 ng/m) were significantly higher in the acidic and neutral soils than in the calcareous soil. Rainfall caused the migration of antibiotics (especially tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides) from soil to leachate, while the migration dynamics of some antibiotics differed among the three soil profiles. Random forest analysis revealed that precipitation, soil organic carbon content, pH, sand content, and the partition coefficient (K) of antibiotics were the key factors influencing the migration of antibiotics. Environmental risk assessment suggested that antibiotics in leachates pose low toxicity risks to aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the vertical migration of some antibiotics (e.g., sulfachaloropyridazine and sufamerazine) was positively correlated with the dissemination of high-risk antibiotic resistance genes in leachates. This study advances our understanding of the precipitation-caused vertical migration of antibiotics in soil exposed to manure application, considering future increases in severe rainfall events.
降雨期间长期施用粪肥土壤中抗生素的垂直迁移行为尚不清楚。在此，我们对三种有13年粪肥施用历史的土壤（酸性、中性和石灰性）在全年每次降雨事件后的土壤剖面（0 - 60厘米）和渗滤液中的抗生素进行了检测。酸性和中性土壤中土壤剖面中所有抗生素的总浓度（11.04 - 190.32微克/千克）以及渗滤液中这些抗生素的年度累积负荷（4070 - 6900纳克/米）显著高于石灰性土壤。降雨导致抗生素（尤其是四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类）从土壤迁移到渗滤液中，而三种土壤剖面中一些抗生素的迁移动态有所不同。随机森林分析表明，降水量、土壤有机碳含量、pH值、砂含量以及抗生素的分配系数（K）是影响抗生素迁移的关键因素。环境风险评估表明，渗滤液中的抗生素对水生生物构成低毒性风险。然而，一些抗生素（如磺胺氯吡嗪和磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶）的垂直迁移与渗滤液中高风险抗生素抗性基因的传播呈正相关。考虑到未来强降雨事件的增加，本研究增进了我们对降雨导致的施用粪肥土壤中抗生素垂直迁移的理解。
