Zhou Jingyi, Jiang Wen, Wang Jingwen, Dou Jingjing
College of Humanities and Physical Education, Hebei Oriental University, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065001, China.
Sport of Physical Education, Yanching Institute of Technology, Yanjiao National Economic and Technological Development Zone, Langfang City, Hebei Province, 065001, China.
J Psychiatr Res. 2025 Jul;187:261-276. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.028. Epub 2025 May 13.
To conduct a network meta-analysis comparing the effects of various long-term non-pharmacological treatments on inhibitory control in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to provide theoretical support for non-pharmacological interventions in ADHD management.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of long-term non-pharmacological treatments on inhibitory control in children and adolescents with ADHD published up to November 11, 2024, were searched in databases such as CNKI, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library.
A total of 42 studies, including seven non-pharmacological types, were included, involving 1981 children and adolescents with ADHD, with a mean age of 10.04 ± 1.82 years. Both traditional and network meta-analyses based on post-test data revealed that physical exercise, cognitive training, behavior therapy, and neurofeedback significantly improved inhibitory control (P < 0.05), with physical exercise showing the best improvement (SUCRA: 85.9 %). At the same time, board games, EMG feedback, and meditation had no significant effect (P > 0.05). Follow-up analysis showed that behavior therapy and cognitive training had a good maintenance effect (P < 0.05), with behavior therapy demonstrating the best sustained effect (SUCRA: 95.1 %). In contrast, physical exercise, board games, and neurofeedback showed diminishing effects over time and had no significant long-term effect (P > 0.05).
Existing evidence shows that physical exercise, cognitive training, behavior therapy, and neurofeedback all have a positive effect on improving inhibitory control in children and adolescents with ADHD, with physical exercise showing the best effect, though with poor maintenance, while cognitive training and behavior therapy had a slightly lower effect, but their maintenance was better.
进行一项网状Meta分析，比较各种长期非药物治疗对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童和青少年抑制控制能力的影响，为ADHD管理中的非药物干预提供理论支持。
在知网、科学网、美国心理学会心理学文摘数据库、Embase、PubMed和考科蓝图书馆等数据库中检索截至2024年11月11日发表的关于长期非药物治疗对ADHD儿童和青少年抑制控制能力影响的随机对照试验（RCT）。
共纳入42项研究，包括7种非药物治疗类型，涉及1981名ADHD儿童和青少年，平均年龄为10.04±1.82岁。基于测试后数据的传统Meta分析和网状Meta分析均显示，体育锻炼、认知训练、行为治疗和神经反馈显著改善了抑制控制能力（P<0.05），其中体育锻炼的改善效果最佳（累积排序曲线下面积：85.9%）。同时，棋盘游戏、肌电图反馈和冥想没有显著效果（P>0.05）。随访分析表明，行为治疗和认知训练具有良好的维持效果（P<0.05），行为治疗的持续效果最佳（累积排序曲线下面积：95.1%）。相比之下，体育锻炼、棋盘游戏和神经反馈的效果随时间逐渐减弱，没有显著的长期效果（P>0.05）。
现有证据表明，体育锻炼、认知训练、行为治疗和神经反馈对改善ADHD儿童和青少年的抑制控制能力均有积极作用，其中体育锻炼效果最佳，但维持性较差，而认知训练和行为治疗效果稍低，但维持性较好。
