Li Jiuying, Hou Lin, Liu Na, Rao Kaifeng, Zheng Jing, Xu Jian, Giesy John P, Jin Xiaowei
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China.
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Jul;387:125898. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125898. Epub 2025 May 21.
Despite their global benefits to agriculture, pesticides pose potential risks to wildlife as well as to the structure and function of ecological communities. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to assess the occurrence, toxicity effects, and ecological risks of pesticides in the surface water of major river basins of China from 2012 to 2023. Using a multi-tier risk assessment, exposure and ecotoxicity data were analyzed and compared for 58 priority pesticides, revealing widespread contamination across major river basins. Among the 46 frequently detected pesticides, concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 12,100 ng/L, with hazard quotients (HQ) ranging from a maximum of 21,764.71 for deltamethrin to a minimum of 0.01 for carbaryl. The Pearl, Huai, and Yangtze River basins exhibited the greatest concentrations of pesticides, particularly in regions with intensive agricultural activity. Base on HQ screening, the hierarchical risk assessment identified 20 "high-risk" pesticides, while semi-probabilistic analysis further prioritized 13 compounds out of 28 pesticides with prioritization index (PI) > 1.0. Notably, probabilistic risk assessment revealed that, over the decade, bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin posed the greatest threats, with maximum risk products (the product of exceedance probability and magnitude of effect) of 81.24 % and 76.96 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate that pyrethroid insecticides present the greatest risks to aquatic organisms in Chinese surface waters. This systematic evaluation provides critical insights for evidence-based environmental management strategies and underscores the urgent need for enhanced monitoring of greater-risk pesticides to protect aquatic biodiversity.
尽管农药对农业具有全球效益，但它们对野生动物以及生态群落的结构和功能构成潜在风险。进行了一项全面的荟萃分析，以评估2012年至2023年中国主要流域地表水中农药的存在情况、毒性效应和生态风险。采用多层次风险评估方法，对58种优先农药的暴露和生态毒性数据进行了分析和比较，结果显示主要流域普遍受到污染。在46种经常检测到的农药中，浓度范围从未检测到至12100纳克/升，危害商数（HQ）范围从溴氰菊酯的最高21764.71到西维因的最低0.01。珠江、淮河和长江流域的农药浓度最高，特别是在农业活动密集的地区。基于HQ筛选，分层风险评估确定了20种“高风险”农药，而半概率分析进一步对28种优先指数（PI）>1.0的农药中的13种化合物进行了优先排序。值得注意的是，概率风险评估显示，在这十年中，联苯菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯构成的威胁最大，最大风险产品（超标概率与效应大小的乘积）分别为81.24%和76.96%。这些发现表明，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对中国地表水中的水生生物构成最大风险。这一系统评估为基于证据的环境管理策略提供了关键见解，并强调迫切需要加强对高风险农药的监测，以保护水生生物多样性。
