Cheng Zhuowei, Wang Chenyu, Tang Fan, Zhou Yifeng, Zhu Cheng, Ding Yanfei
Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jul 1;299:118326. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118326. Epub 2025 May 21.
Nonessential metals (e.g., cadmium (II), etc) and essential heavy metals (e.g., copper (II), etc) are both toxic for plants at high concentrations. The plant cell wall, which consists of pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and proteins, acts as the first barrier for heavy metal ions to enter the cytoplasm. The binding of heavy metal ions within cell wall components is largely determined by the negative charges of functional groups. The cell wall interacts with heavy metal ions through three main mechanisms: ion exchange, chelation models and cell wall remodeling. Various signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and salicylic acid have been implicated in the regulation of cell wall components. An increasing number of reports indicate that microRNAs can target genes related with cell wall synthesis and modification, thereby mediating heavy metal fixation within the cell wall. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the biosynthesis, modifications, and functions of cell wall components under heavy metal stress. We also discuss the interaction mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved in the cell wall-mediated fixation of heavy metals, offering valuable insights into plant heavy metal stress tolerance mechanisms and providing strategic avenues for mitigating heavy metal pollution.
非必需金属（如镉（II）等）和必需重金属（如铜（II）等）在高浓度时对植物均有毒害作用。植物细胞壁由果胶、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和蛋白质组成，是重金属离子进入细胞质的第一道屏障。细胞壁成分中重金属离子的结合很大程度上取决于官能团的负电荷。细胞壁通过三种主要机制与重金属离子相互作用：离子交换、螯合模型和细胞壁重塑。各种信号分子如一氧化氮和水杨酸参与了细胞壁成分的调节。越来越多的报告表明，微小RNA可以靶向与细胞壁合成和修饰相关的基因，从而介导重金属在细胞壁内的固定。在本综述中，我们总结了在理解重金属胁迫下细胞壁成分的生物合成、修饰和功能方面的最新进展。我们还讨论了细胞壁介导的重金属固定所涉及的相互作用机制和信号通路，为植物重金属胁迫耐受机制提供了有价值的见解，并为减轻重金属污染提供了战略途径。
