Laezza Luca, Vacondio Martina, Fornasiero Alessandro, Pellegrini Barbara, Pasini Margherita, Brondino Margherita, De Dominicis Stefano
Department of Human Science, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 17, 37129, Verona, Italy; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 84 I, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy; Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, TN, Italy.
Psychol Sport Exerc. 2025 Sep;80:102883. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102883. Epub 2025 May 20.
Exercising in natural environments (green exercise, GE) has been shown to offer significant physiological and psychological health benefits compared to urban or indoor environments. This study evaluated the restorative effects of a 1-h light-to-moderate intensity exercise session across three environments: natural (G), urban (U), and indoor (I). Using a randomized crossover design, 25 male participants (M = 26.3, SD = 4.3) completed a 1-h walk at 6 km/h in each setting. Psychological outcomes, including perceived restorativeness (PRS), restoration (ROS), emotional states, enjoyment, and behavioral intentions, were assessed with validated questionnaires. Physiological measures (cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability) were collected pre- and post-intervention. Results showed that G environment consistently elicited greater relaxation, higher positive emotions, and lower negative emotions compared to U and I. Restoration outcomes (PRS, ROS), enjoyment and intentions to exercise were significantly higher in G, while perceived exertion was lower in G compared to I. Physiologically, cortisol levels, heart rate, and heart rate variability differed by environment, with G promoting a more favorable recovery profile than U and I. No interaction effects were observed for physiological measures, suggesting consistent recovery patterns over time. These findings highlight the restorative and stress-relieving potential of GE, emphasizing its role in enhancing mental well-being and supporting physical activity adherence. The study underscores the importance of natural environments as a resource for promoting health and well-being, while also identifying the need for further research to clarify the nuanced differences between urban and natural settings.
与城市或室内环境相比，在自然环境中锻炼（绿色锻炼，GE）已被证明能带来显著的生理和心理健康益处。本研究评估了在三种环境中进行1小时中低强度锻炼的恢复效果：自然环境（G）、城市环境（U）和室内环境（I）。采用随机交叉设计，25名男性参与者（M = 26.3，SD = 4.3）在每种环境下以6公里/小时的速度完成了1小时的步行。使用经过验证的问卷评估心理结果，包括感知恢复力（PRS）、恢复感（ROS）、情绪状态、愉悦感和行为意图。在干预前后收集生理指标（皮质醇、心率、心率变异性）。结果表明，与U和I相比，G环境始终能引发更大程度的放松、更高的积极情绪和更低的消极情绪。G环境中的恢复结果（PRS、ROS）、愉悦感和锻炼意图显著更高，而与I相比，G环境中的感知运动强度更低。在生理方面，皮质醇水平、心率和心率变异性因环境而异，G环境比U和I环境更有利于恢复。未观察到生理指标的交互作用，表明随着时间推移恢复模式一致。这些发现突出了绿色锻炼的恢复和减压潜力，强调了其在增强心理健康和支持体育活动坚持方面的作用。该研究强调了自然环境作为促进健康和幸福资源的重要性，同时也指出需要进一步研究以阐明城市和自然环境之间的细微差异。
