Self-envy, the womb and the nature of goodness. A reappraisal of the death instinct.

The Freudian and Kleinian conceptions of the struggle between 'life' and 'death' instincts are not identical. This paper puts forward a model which attempts both to reconcile and add to the differences between them, whilst making some suggestions about the 'nature of goodness'. Attention is focused on the phantasy of returning to the womb and its consequent anxieties to the growing, active ego. Such anxiety, and its reverse, can only be moderated by the introjection of an object which is capable of creatively resolving the resulting conflicts. When envious feelings are not tolerated the impetus for such an introjection is reduced, which, in turn, increases the envy.