Ps Karthika, Kumar Pola Govardhan, T Raghupathy, Swarnkar Ankita
General Surgery, Shree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 22;17(4):e82795. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82795. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Oncocytic hyperplasia of the parotid gland is a rare, benign condition marked by the proliferation of mitochondria-rich oncocytes, often mimicking neoplasms like pleomorphic adenoma. Its etiology remains unclear but may involve inflammatory triggers, as suggested by an associated granulomatous reaction in this case, possibly linked to prior COVID-19 infection. The condition is exceptionally rare, with limited data on prevalence. Patients typically present with painless parotid swelling, as seen in our 45-year-old male patient, initially suspected to have pleomorphic adenoma based on ultrasound, cytology (Milan category IV A), and contrast-enhanced CT findings. Definitive diagnosis relies on histopathology, which in this case revealed nodular oncocytic hyperplasia with a foreign body granulomatous reaction. Treatment involves surgical excision, such as superficial parotidectomy, to confirm diagnosis and rule out malignancy. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of oncocytic hyperplasia and highlights the importance of histopathological evaluation to differentiate it from other salivary gland lesions, warranting vigilant monitoring due to its potential, though rare, progression to malignancy.
腮腺嗜酸性细胞增生是一种罕见的良性疾病，其特征是富含线粒体的嗜酸性细胞增殖，常酷似多形性腺瘤等肿瘤。其病因尚不清楚，但可能涉及炎症触发因素，本病例中相关的肉芽肿反应提示了这一点，可能与既往新冠病毒感染有关。这种疾病极为罕见，关于其患病率的数据有限。患者通常表现为腮腺无痛性肿胀，如我们这位45岁男性患者所见，最初根据超声、细胞学检查（米兰分类IV A）和增强CT结果怀疑患有多形性腺瘤。明确诊断依赖于组织病理学检查，本病例显示为结节性嗜酸性细胞增生伴异物肉芽肿反应。治疗包括手术切除，如浅叶腮腺切除术，以确诊并排除恶性肿瘤。本病例强调了嗜酸性细胞增生的诊断挑战，并突出了组织病理学评估对于将其与其他唾液腺病变区分开来的重要性，鉴于其虽罕见但有恶变的可能，需要进行密切监测。
