Cherta-Murillo Anna, Zhou Kexin, Tashkova Martina, Frampton James, Cepas de Oliveira Ana Cláudia, Ho Claire, Franco-Becker Georgia, Chambers Edward S, Dornhorst Anne, Frost Gary S
Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Nutr Diabetes. 2025 May 23;15(1):23. doi: 10.1038/s41387-025-00375-w.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is highly prevalent, particularly among south Asian populations, and diet is the first-line strategy to manage postprandial glucose (PG) response. Mycoprotein and guar gum reduce PG in normo-glycaemic people. This study investigates the independent and interactive effects of mycoprotein and guar gum on PG, insulin and appetite responses in white Europeans and south Asians with T2D.
In this double-blind, crossover, acute, randomised controlled trial, 18 subjects with T2D (10 white European, 8 south Asian) completed six separate visits consuming soy, chicken, and mycoprotein with and without guar gum. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for PG, insulin, and appetite scores, and total AUC glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), as well as ad libitum energy intake and 48h-post-visit energy intake were measured and analysed by linear mixed models with protein, guar gum and ethnicity as fixed effects.
We found independent effects of mycoprotein, guar gum and ethnicity on PG iAUC (mmol/L·min), where mycoprotein reduced PG vs. chicken (-129.84 [95% CI -203.16, -56.51]; p = 0.002), guar gum reduced PG vs. no guar gum (-197.35 [95% CI -254.30, -140.40; p < 0.001], and south Asian had increased PG vs. white Europeans (195.75 [95% CI 66.14, 325.35]; p = 0.005). An interaction between guar gum and ethnicity (p < 0.015) was found for insulin iAUC (µUI/mL·min), with guar gum lowering insulin responses in south Asian participants (-1909.69 [95% CI -2834.83, -984.511]; p < 0.001). No independent or interactive effects were observed for appetite-related outcomes.
Mycoprotein and guar gum promote significant independent effects in lowering PG in both white European and south Asians with T2D.
2型糖尿病（T2D）非常普遍，尤其是在南亚人群中，饮食是控制餐后血糖（PG）反应的一线策略。真菌蛋白和瓜尔胶可降低血糖正常人群的PG。本研究调查了真菌蛋白和瓜尔胶对患有T2D的白种欧洲人和南亚人的PG、胰岛素及食欲反应的独立和交互作用。
在这项双盲、交叉、急性、随机对照试验中，18名T2D患者（10名白种欧洲人，8名南亚人）完成了六次单独访视，分别食用含或不含瓜尔胶的大豆、鸡肉和真菌蛋白。测量PG、胰岛素和食欲评分的曲线下增量面积（iAUC），以及胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）、肽YY（PYY）的总AUC，以及随意能量摄入量和访视后48小时的能量摄入量，并通过以蛋白质、瓜尔胶和种族为固定效应的线性混合模型进行分析。
我们发现真菌蛋白、瓜尔胶和种族对PG iAUC（mmol/L·min）有独立影响，其中真菌蛋白与鸡肉相比可降低PG（-129.84 [95%CI -203.16, -56.51]；p = 0.002），瓜尔胶与不含瓜尔胶相比可降低PG（-197.35 [95%CI -254.30, -140.40；p < 0.001]，南亚人比白种欧洲人的PG更高（195.75 [95%CI 66.14, 325.35]；p = 0.005）。对于胰岛素iAUC（µUI/mL·min），发现瓜尔胶与种族之间存在交互作用（p < 0.015），瓜尔胶可降低南亚参与者的胰岛素反应（-1909.69 [95%CI -2834.83, -984.511]；p < 0.001）。未观察到与食欲相关结果的独立或交互作用。
真菌蛋白和瓜尔胶在降低患有T2D的白种欧洲人和南亚人的PG方面具有显著的独立作用。
