Mathiesen S D, Jørgensen T, Traavik T, Blix A S
Acta Vet Scand. 1985;26(1):120-6. doi: 10.1186/BF03546569.
Contagious ecthyma (CE) has been a frequently occurring disease in captive Norwegian muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), inflicting heavy losses among calves and adult males; adult females, however, have been little affected. Parapox virus particles from papilloma tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Papilloma tissue excerted a typical cytopathic effect on human continuous lumar cell line. Sera from infected muskoxen contained antibodies reacting with virus antigen from muskoxen papilloma tissue in a complement fixation test. In animals already affected, papilloma tissue was surgically removed at intervals and the lesions injected with active papilloma tissue homogenate emulsified in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA). Serum antibody titers against CE virus increased 3 times in response to this treatment which reduced papilloma growth, but recovery was slow in adults and all but 1 calf succumbed when offered this treatment only. Isolated purified X-ray inactivated CE virus in FCA injected s.c. 4 weeks post partum was first attempted as a vaccine against CE. This treatment increased serum CE-antibody level, but did not prevent CE in calves experimentally injected with live CE virus. The incubation time of CE in this experiment was 20 days. Adequate protection was, however, obtained with a vaccine consisting of homogenated, glutaraldehyde inactivated, muskox papilloma tissue in FCA injected s.c. 2 weeks post partum. It is assumed that this protection was due to activation of both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms.
传染性脓疱性皮炎（CE）一直是圈养挪威麝牛（Ovibos moschatus）中频繁发生的疾病，给犊牛和成年雄性麝牛造成了重大损失；然而，成年雌性麝牛受影响较小。通过透射电子显微镜观察到来自乳头瘤组织的副痘病毒颗粒。乳头瘤组织对人连续肺细胞系产生了典型的细胞病变效应。在补体结合试验中，受感染麝牛的血清含有与麝牛乳头瘤组织病毒抗原发生反应的抗体。对于已经患病的动物，定期手术切除乳头瘤组织，并向病变部位注射用弗氏完全佐剂（FCA）乳化的活性乳头瘤组织匀浆。针对CE病毒的血清抗体滴度因这种治疗而增加了3倍，这种治疗减少了乳头瘤的生长，但成年麝牛恢复缓慢，并且仅接受这种治疗时，除1头犊牛外所有犊牛均死亡。首次尝试将产后4周皮下注射FCA的经X射线灭活的分离纯化CE病毒作为抗CE疫苗。这种治疗提高了血清CE抗体水平，但未能预防实验性注射活CE病毒的犊牛感染CE。在该实验中，CE的潜伏期为20天。然而，产后2周皮下注射由FCA中的匀浆、戊二醛灭活的麝牛乳头瘤组织组成的疫苗可获得充分的保护。据推测，这种保护是由于体液免疫和细胞免疫机制的激活。
