da Silva Marques Rafael, Ohara Isabela, Shibatta Oscar Akio
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
J Morphol. 2025 May;286(5):e70056. doi: 10.1002/jmor.70056.
The cephalic musculature of the Pacman catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri (L. alexandri) is described and compared with Pimelodus maculatus, Pimelodus microstoma, Pseudopimelodus mangurus (P. mangurus), Batrochoglanis labrosus (B. labrosus), and Lophiosilurus fowleri (L. fowleri). Besides the distinguished Pacman catfish head shape, which is strongly depressed, broad, and with a large mouth, we hypothesize that the gross morphology of the musculature is related to the phylogenetic background. A phylogenetic analysis of selected characters evidenced three putative synapomorphies for the family Pseudopimelodidae, three for the subfamily Batrochoglaninae, three for the genus Lophiosilurus, two autapomorphies for L. alexandri, one for L. fowleri, one for B. labrosus, and five for P. mangurus. The absence of the retractor tentaculi is interpreted as a putative synapomorphy of Pseudopimelodidae and Pimelodidae. The rounded adductor mandibulae emerge as the predominantly voluminous musculature in L. alexandri and other Pseudopimelodidae, a conspicuous synapomorphy of the family. Profound differences were observed when comparing the cephalic musculatures of L. alexandri with Lophius piscatorius and Chaca bankanensis, which are unrelated species with similar body morphology and ambush behavior. The morphology of cephalic musculature highlights the plasticity of the musculature function and the closer relationship with the phylogenetic history of species and lineages.
描述了亚历山大低冠鲶（Lophiosilurus alexandri）的头部肌肉组织，并将其与斑尾低冠鲶（Pimelodus maculatus）、小口低冠鲶（Pimelodus microstoma）、曼氏拟低冠鲶（Pseudopimelodus mangurus）、唇低冠鲶（Batrochoglanis labrosus）和福氏低冠鲶（Lophiosilurus fowleri）进行了比较。除了亚历山大低冠鲶独特的头部形状，即强烈凹陷、宽阔且口大之外，我们推测肌肉组织的总体形态与系统发育背景有关。对选定特征的系统发育分析表明，拟低冠鲶科有三个假定的共有衍征，低冠鲶亚科有三个，低冠鲶属有三个，亚历山大低冠鲶有两个自衍征，福氏低冠鲶有一个，唇低冠鲶有一个，曼氏拟低冠鲶有五个。触手缩肌的缺失被解释为拟低冠鲶科和低冠鲶科的一个假定共有衍征。圆形的下颌内收肌在亚历山大低冠鲶和其他拟低冠鲶科鱼类中是主要的大量肌肉组织，这是该科一个明显的共有衍征。在比较亚历山大低冠鲶与渔夫鮟鱇（Lophius piscatorius）和邦氏沙塘鳢（Chaca bankanensis）的头部肌肉组织时，观察到了显著差异，后两者是身体形态和伏击行为相似的非相关物种。头部肌肉组织的形态突出了肌肉组织功能的可塑性以及与物种和谱系系统发育历史的更紧密关系。
