Zhang Tao, Wang Zi, Wu Yue, Zhu Sihao, Su Jiaye
MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
J Phys Chem B. 2025 Jun 5;129(22):5355-5374. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c00416. Epub 2025 May 25.
Micro- and nanoplastics (M/NPs), as ubiquitous global environmental pollutants, have garnered increasing attention due to their pervasive presence. These particles can interact with biological molecules through various mechanisms, subsequently inducing potential toxic effects on living organisms. This review investigates the hazards of M/NPs and their interactions with biological membranes and proteins, focusing on their interaction mechanisms and potential effects on biomolecular structure and function. Specifically, we summarize the exposure pathways and potential harms of M/NPs, which can enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, potentially causing toxicity, inflammation responses, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. Additionally, we highlight the interaction between M/NPs and biological membranes, which can induce structural changes, including membrane thickening, increased fluidity, and pore formation, thereby compromising membrane integrity and affecting cellular health. Besides, we emphasize the interaction between M/NPs and proteins, suggesting that protein structural changes and corona formation can influence oxidative stress responses and cytotoxicity, thereby impacting cellular functions and viability. Ultimately, suggestions and outlooks for further research are proposed. Overall, this review systematically summarizes current research on the interactions between M/NPs and biomolecules, including their mechanisms and biological effects, providing researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field.
微塑料和纳米塑料（M/NPs）作为全球普遍存在的环境污染物，因其广泛存在而受到越来越多的关注。这些颗粒可通过多种机制与生物分子相互作用，进而对生物体产生潜在的毒性作用。本综述研究了M/NPs的危害及其与生物膜和蛋白质的相互作用，重点关注其相互作用机制以及对生物分子结构和功能的潜在影响。具体而言，我们总结了M/NPs的暴露途径和潜在危害，它们可通过摄入、吸入和皮肤接触进入人体，可能导致毒性、炎症反应、氧化应激和内分泌紊乱。此外，我们强调了M/NPs与生物膜之间的相互作用，这种相互作用可引起结构变化，包括膜增厚、流动性增加和孔隙形成，从而损害膜的完整性并影响细胞健康。此外，我们着重阐述了M/NPs与蛋白质之间的相互作用，表明蛋白质结构变化和冠层形成可影响氧化应激反应和细胞毒性，进而影响细胞功能和活力。最后，提出了进一步研究的建议和展望要点。总体而言,本综述系统地总结了目前关于M/NPs与生物分子相互作用的研究,包括其机制及生物学效应,使研究人员对该领域有全面的了解。
