Cai Dahuan, Zeng Yanxin, Chen Fengqiong, Wu Xiaohua, Xian Xiaobin, Chen Min, Ye Mengliang
School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China.
Work. 2025 Sep;82(1):306-315. doi: 10.1177/10519815251344543. Epub 2025 May 25.
BackgroundOccupational health literacy is crucial for the health of the working population. Couriers have more mental health problems compared to other populations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the mediating effect of occupational stress and depressive symptoms between occupational health literacy and generalized anxiety disorder.MethodsFrom March to October 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1121 couriers in four districts of Chongqing. Common method bias was performed by Harman's single-factor test. We conducted the linear regression model and bootstrap analyses to test the mediating role of occupational stress and depressive symptoms in the relationship between occupational health literacy and generalized anxiety disorder.Results16.4% of couriers had occupational health literacy. The detection rates of occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and generalized anxiety disorder were 39.4%, 27.6%, and 39.7%, respectively. After adjusting the confounders, occupational health literacy was significantly negatively correlated with generalized anxiety disorder(= -0.088, < 0.001). The mediation effect of occupational stress and depressive symptoms accounted for 51.24% of the total effect regarding occupational health literacy with generalized anxiety disorder.ConclusionOccupational health literacy not only directly influenced generalized anxiety disorder among couriers but also indirectly via occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Improving occupational health literacy and reducing occupational stress and depressive symptoms may be effective strategies to prevent generalized anxiety disorder among couriers.
背景
职业健康素养对劳动人口的健康至关重要。与其他人群相比，快递员存在更多心理健康问题。
目的
本研究旨在探讨职业压力和抑郁症状在职业健康素养与广泛性焦虑障碍之间的中介作用。
方法
2023年3月至10月，对重庆市四个区的1121名快递员进行了横断面调查。采用Harman单因素检验进行共同方法偏差检验。我们进行了线性回归模型和Bootstrap分析，以检验职业压力和抑郁症状在职业健康素养与广泛性焦虑障碍关系中的中介作用。
结果
16.4%的快递员具备职业健康素养。职业压力、抑郁症状和广泛性焦虑障碍的检出率分别为39.4%、27.6%和39.7%。调整混杂因素后，职业健康素养与广泛性焦虑障碍显著负相关（β = -0.088，P < 0.001）。职业压力和抑郁症状的中介效应占职业健康素养与广泛性焦虑障碍总效应的51.24%。
结论
职业健康素养不仅直接影响快递员的广泛性焦虑障碍，还通过职业压力和抑郁症状产生间接影响。提高职业健康素养以及减轻职业压力和抑郁症状可能是预防快递员广泛性焦虑障碍的有效策略。
