G2 Premature Chromosome Condensation (G2-PCC) by Calyculin A to Analyze DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Their Repair.

Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) is a pivotal phenomenon in cell biology, where interphase chromatin undergoes early condensation, typically due to fusion with mitotic cells. This process, first observed in 1968 in viral-infected cells, led to the discovery of the mitosis-promoting factor (MPF), crucial for cell cycle regulation. PCC provides profound insights into chromosomal structure and cell cycle dynamics, with applications spanning radiation biology, oncology, and environmental science. It enables the assessment of chromosomal damage from ionizing radiation, aids in understanding cancer cell cycles, and evaluates genotoxic effects of environmental contaminants. Induced through chemical agents like Calyculin A or okadaic acid, PCC remains an essential tool in cytogenetic research, facilitating advancements in our understanding of chromosomal behavior and cell cycle regulation.