Fu Tiantian, Duan Boshi, Sun Peng, Ma Wei, Wang Tianzuo, Wang Tianyou, Tong Zhuang, Wang Yue
Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology Ward 1, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 May 12;13:1595772. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1595772. eCollection 2025.
Liver cancer remains a major global health challenge, characterized by high mortality and limited treatment efficacy. Conventional therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and viral vectors, are hindered by systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and high costs. Silica nanoparticles (SiONPs) have emerged as promising platforms for liver cancer therapy, offering precise drug delivery, stimuli-responsive release, and integrated diagnostic-therapeutic capabilities. This review critically examines the potential of SiONPs to overcome these therapeutic limitations. Notable advances include their high drug-loading capacity, customizable surface modifications, and dual-responsive systems (pH/redox/NIR-II) that enable >90% tumor-specific drug release. Preclinical studies have demonstrated synergistic efficacy in combination therapies. Additionally, theranostic SiONPs enable MRI-guided tumor delineation and real-time treatment monitoring. Despite promising results, challenges remain in long-term biosafety, scalable synthesis, and regulatory compliance. Early-phase clinical trials, including those using NIR-II-responsive platforms, highlight their translational potential but underscore the need for further validation of toxicity profiles and manufacturing standards. Future research should focus on optimizing combinatory treatment strategies, scaling up production, and aligning with evolving regulatory frameworks. By bridging nanomaterial innovation with clinical applications, SiONPs offer unparalleled potential for advancing precision oncology in hepatocellular carcinoma.
肝癌仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，其特点是死亡率高且治疗效果有限。包括化疗、免疫疗法和病毒载体在内的传统疗法受到全身毒性、耐药性和高成本的阻碍。二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiONPs）已成为肝癌治疗的有前景的平台，具有精确的药物递送、刺激响应释放以及集成的诊断-治疗能力。这篇综述批判性地研究了SiONPs克服这些治疗局限性的潜力。显著进展包括其高载药量、可定制的表面修饰以及双响应系统（pH/氧化还原/近红外二区），可实现>90%的肿瘤特异性药物释放。临床前研究已证明联合疗法具有协同疗效。此外，治疗诊断用SiONPs能够进行MRI引导的肿瘤描绘和实时治疗监测。尽管取得了有前景的结果，但在长期生物安全性、可扩展合成和法规合规性方面仍存在挑战。早期临床试验，包括那些使用近红外二区响应平台的试验，突出了它们的转化潜力，但也强调需要进一步验证毒性特征和生产标准。未来的研究应专注于优化联合治疗策略、扩大生产规模以及与不断发展的监管框架保持一致。通过将纳米材料创新与临床应用相结合，SiONPs为推进肝细胞癌的精准肿瘤学提供了无与伦比的潜力。
