Rizwan Asfi, Rehman Urushi, Gupta Garima, Alsayari Abdulrhman, Wahab Shadma, Kesharwani Prashant
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, India; School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Int J Pharm. 2025 May 15;676:125623. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125623. Epub 2025 Apr 18.
Polyglutamic acid (PGA)-coated nanoparticles have emerged as a significant advancement in cancer nanomedicine due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. PGA enhances the stability and bioavailability of therapeutic agents, enabling controlled and sustained drug release with reduced systemic toxicity. Stimuli-responsive modifications to PGA allow for precise drug delivery tailored to the tumor microenvironment, improving specificity and therapeutic outcomes. PGA's potential extends to gene delivery, where it facilitates safe and efficient transfection, addressing critical challenges such as multidrug resistance. Additionally, PGA-coated nanoparticles play a pivotal role in theranostic, integrating diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities within a single platform for real-time monitoring and treatment optimization. These nanoparticles have demonstrated enhanced efficacy in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination regimens, tackling persistent issues like poor tumor penetration and non-specific drug distribution. Advancements in stimuli-responsive designs, ligand functionalization, and payload customization highlight the adaptability of PGA-based platforms for precision oncology. However, challenges such as scalability, stability under physiological conditions, and regulatory compliance remain key obstacles to clinical translation. This review explores the design, development, and applications of PGA-coated nanoparticles, emphasizing their potential to transform cancer treatment through safer, more effective, and personalized therapeutic approaches.
聚谷氨酸（PGA）包被的纳米颗粒因其生物相容性、可生物降解性和多功能性，已成为癌症纳米医学领域的一项重大进展。PGA提高了治疗剂的稳定性和生物利用度，能够实现可控的持续药物释放，并降低全身毒性。对PGA进行刺激响应性修饰可实现针对肿瘤微环境的精确药物递送，提高特异性和治疗效果。PGA的潜力还扩展到基因递送领域，它有助于安全高效地转染，解决多药耐药等关键挑战。此外，PGA包被的纳米颗粒在诊疗一体化中发挥着关键作用，在单个平台上整合诊断和治疗能力，以实现实时监测和治疗优化。这些纳米颗粒在化疗、免疫疗法及联合治疗方案中已显示出更高的疗效，解决了诸如肿瘤穿透性差和药物非特异性分布等长期存在的问题。刺激响应性设计、配体功能化和载体制剂定制方面的进展突出了基于PGA的平台在精准肿瘤学中的适应性。然而，诸如可扩展性、生理条件下的稳定性以及监管合规性等挑战仍然是临床转化的关键障碍。本综述探讨了PGA包被纳米颗粒的设计开发及应用，强调了它们通过更安全、更有效和个性化的治疗方法改变癌症治疗的潜力。
