As society evolves and lifestyles change, there has been a notable rise in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases due to a parallel rise in associated risk factors. In recent years, considerable research has been conducted on the impact of histone modifications in relation to these conditions. Processes such as acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation of histones, mediated by specific enzymes, are essential in the regulation of gene expression, which in turn influences cellular functions and the progression of diseases. Research shows that alterations in specific histone modifications are closely linked to the onset and advancement of cardiovascular conditions. For instance, significant variations in histone deacetylases and H3K27 methylation have been observed in cases of heart failure and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present review, it was aimed to summarize recent findings in this area, providing a foundation for further exploration of the mechanisms by which histone modifications contribute to cardiovascular diseases.