Zhou Xiwang, Yang Yongming, Yan Dingfei
Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China.
Faculty of Surveying and Information Engineering, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Dali 671006, China.
J Imaging. 2025 Apr 30;11(5):140. doi: 10.3390/jimaging11050140.
In response to the urgent need for the sustainable conservation of cultural heritage against the backdrop of climate change and environmental degradation, this study proposes a low-cost, non-destructive digital recording method for murals based on close-range photogrammetry. By integrating non-metric digital cameras, total stations, and spatial coordinate transformation models, high-precision digital orthophoto generation for indoor murals was achieved. Experimental results show that the resolution error of this method is 0.02 mm, with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 3.51 mm and 2.77 mm in the X and Y directions, respectively, meeting the precision requirements for cultural heritage conservation. Compared to traditional laser scanning technology, the energy consumption of the equipment in this study is significantly reduced, and the use of chemical reagents is avoided, thereby minimizing the carbon footprint and environmental impact during the recording process. This provides a green technological solution to address climate change. Additionally, the low-cost nature of non-metric cameras offers a feasible option for cultural heritage conservation institutions with limited resources, promoting equity and accessibility in heritage protection amid global climate challenges. This technology provides sustainable data support for long-term monitoring, virtual restoration, and public digital display of murals while also offering rich data resources for virtual cultural tourism, public education, and scientific research. It demonstrates broad application potential in the context of climate change and environmental protection, contributing to the green transformation and sustainable development of cultural tourism.
为应对气候变化和环境退化背景下文化遗产可持续保护的迫切需求，本研究提出了一种基于近景摄影测量的低成本、非破坏性壁画数字记录方法。通过集成非量测数码相机、全站仪和空间坐标转换模型，实现了室内壁画高精度数字正射影像的生成。实验结果表明，该方法的分辨率误差为0.02毫米，在X和Y方向上的均方根误差（RMSE）分别为3.51毫米和2.77毫米，满足文化遗产保护的精度要求。与传统激光扫描技术相比，本研究中设备的能耗显著降低，且避免了化学试剂的使用，从而在记录过程中最大限度地减少了碳足迹和环境影响。这为应对气候变化提供了一种绿色技术解决方案。此外，非量测相机的低成本特性为资源有限的文化遗产保护机构提供了一种可行的选择，在全球气候挑战中促进了遗产保护的公平性和可及性。该技术为壁画的长期监测、虚拟修复和公共数字展示提供了可持续的数据支持，同时也为虚拟文化旅游、公共教育和科学研究提供了丰富的数据资源。它在气候变化和环境保护背景下展现出广阔的应用潜力，为文化旅游的绿色转型和可持续发展做出了贡献。
