Modugula Sujith, Altenbaugh Mary, Ivanova Milla, DuMont Tiffany, Arshad Hammad
Author Affiliations: Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow, PGY-6. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Allegheny Health Network Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Modugula); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, Allergy Allegheny Health Network Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Ms Altenbaugh); University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Ivanova); and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Allegheny Health Network Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr DuMont and Arshad).
Crit Care Nurs Q. 2025;48(3):229-236. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000570. Epub 2025 May 21.
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a major global health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. This article provides a comprehensive overview of sepsis, focusing on its epidemiology, definitions, scoring systems, and diagnostic markers. The epidemiology section highlights the global burden of sepsis, noting variations in incidence and mortality across different regions and populations. It also discusses the risk factors associated with sepsis, including age, comorbidities, and healthcare-associated exposures. The definitions section traces the evolution of sepsis definitions, emphasizing the current sepsis-3 criteria, which focus on organ dysfunction as a key diagnostic feature. Scoring systems, such as the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the Quick SOFA (qSOFA) score, are discussed in terms of their components, calculation, and interpretation. The diagnostic markers section details the clinical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters used in sepsis diagnosis, highlighting traditional markers and emerging technologies. The conclusion summarizes the key points and emphasizes the importance of early recognition and adherence to evidence-based guidelines for improving sepsis outcomes.
脓毒症是宿主对感染的反应失调导致的危及生命的器官功能障碍。由于其高发病率和死亡率，它是全球主要的健康问题。本文全面概述了脓毒症，重点介绍其流行病学、定义、评分系统和诊断标志物。流行病学部分强调了脓毒症的全球负担，指出不同地区和人群在发病率和死亡率上的差异。它还讨论了与脓毒症相关的风险因素，包括年龄、合并症和医疗相关暴露。定义部分追溯了脓毒症定义的演变，强调了当前的脓毒症-3标准，该标准将器官功能障碍作为关键诊断特征。评分系统，如序贯器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分和快速SOFA（qSOFA）评分，从其组成部分、计算方法和解读方面进行了讨论。诊断标志物部分详细介绍了脓毒症诊断中使用的临床、实验室和微生物学参数，突出了传统标志物和新兴技术。结论总结了要点，并强调了早期识别和遵循循证指南对改善脓毒症治疗结果的重要性。
