Khan Jabir, Li Yang, Gul Palwasha, Li Qingyun, Liu Kunlun
Henan University of Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.
Mengniu Institute of Nutrition Science, Global R&D Innovation Center, Inner Mangolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co.Ltd., Beijing, 101107, P.R. China.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2025 Aug;119:107393. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107393. Epub 2025 May 22.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an Andean grain, has garnered attention from cereal-based industries as a functional ingredient. This study evaluated functional properties, minerals, bioactive compounds and structural properties of Pre-treatments assisted germination of quinoa grains JQ-778 including, Only germinated seeds (OGS), soaked germinated seeds (SGS), ultrasound at 28 & 40 frequencies (US 28 kHz & US 40 kHz) for 30 min in a Biochemical-Incubator of 96-hour period at 25 °C, 12/12 h dark and light circle, followed by drying at temperatures 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C & combined (70, 60, 50 °C). Midilli-Kuck model shows the best fits on drying data closely followed by Hii model, respectively. According to the thermodynamic parameters entropy yielded negative values while Gibbs free energy & enthalpy decreased as the drying temperature increased. Ultrasonic pre-treatments significantly altered functional properties, minerals content and bioactive compounds of quinoa grains (p ≤ 0.05). In US group, quinoa's magnesium, calcium, and potassium content increased from 124.17 to 143.59, 84.7-86.83, and 428.72-448.67 mg/100 g, respectively. Copper ranges from 0.77 to 1.04 mg/100 g, whereas iron 4.76-5.64, Manganese 3.09-3.51 and zinc 2.26-3.51 mg/100 g. Ultrasound assisted germination, especially US 28 kHz dried at 50 °C, showed the highest content of hydroxycinnamic acid, whereas US 40 kHz dried at 60 °C showed hydroxybenzoic acid of quinoa grains. US 40 kHz at 60 °C found rutin 22.62 µg/g, Quercetin 17.58 µg/g, while Kaempferol at 50 °C 24.51 µg/g, demonstrating a 2.5 to 4-fold increase in flavonoids and phenolic acid profiles in ultrasound pre-treated germinated quinoa grains. XRD showed no significant shifts in main peaks, although germinated samples showed intensity variations, suggesting crystallinity modifications. SEM pictures showed germinated quinoa aggregation at different temperatures, with a film-like substance covering and linking the aggregates, possibly a starch aggregates are coupled to lipids and incorporated in a protein matrix.
藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.），一种安第斯谷物，作为一种功能性成分已引起了以谷物为基础的行业的关注。本研究评估了预处理辅助发芽的藜麦JQ - 778谷物的功能特性、矿物质、生物活性化合物和结构特性，包括仅发芽种子（OGS）、浸泡发芽种子（SGS）、在25°C、12/12小时黑暗和光照循环的生化培养箱中以28kHz和40kHz频率超声（US 28kHz和US 40kHz）处理30分钟，然后在50°C、60°C、70°C及组合温度（70、60、50°C）下干燥。Midilli - Kuck模型对干燥数据拟合最佳，其次是Hii模型。根据热力学参数，随着干燥温度升高，熵产生负值，而吉布斯自由能和焓降低。超声预处理显著改变了藜麦谷物的功能特性、矿物质含量和生物活性化合物（p≤0.05）。在美国组中，藜麦的镁、钙和钾含量分别从124.17增加到143.59、84.7 - 86.83和428.72 - 448.67mg/100g。铜含量在0.77至1.04mg/100g之间，而铁为4.76 - 5.64mg/100g、锰为3.09 - 3.51mg/100g、锌为2.26 - 3.51mg/1,00g。超声辅助发芽，特别是在50°C干燥的US 28kHz，显示出最高的羟基肉桂酸含量，而在60°C干燥的US 40kHz显示出藜麦谷物的羟基苯甲酸含量。在60°C的US 40kHz条件下发现芦丁含量为22.62μg/g、槲皮素为17.58μg/g，而在50°C条件下山奈酚为24.51μg/g，表明超声预处理发芽的藜麦谷物中黄酮类和酚酸类成分增加了2.5至4倍。XRD显示主峰无明显位移，尽管发芽样品显示出强度变化，表明结晶度发生了改变。SEM图片显示不同温度下发芽藜麦的聚集情况，有一层膜状物质覆盖并连接着聚集体，可能是淀粉聚集体与脂质结合并融入了蛋白质基质中。
