Fayad Mostafa I, Ahmed Mohamed Ashour, Kothayer Marwa, Aboelnagga Mona M, Essa Emad El Said Fahim, Abu-Hammad Osama, Moussa Rania
Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Cairo, Boys), Cairo, Egypt.
Eur J Dent. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1809180.
Maxillofacial prosthetics is a specialized field focused on replacing part or all of the facial and cranial structures. In recent years, digital technology has gained popularity over traditional methods for fabricating maxillofacial prostheses. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of recent innovations in maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation, with an emphasis on emerging technologies and their impact on patient outcomes, treatment efficiency, and overall quality of life.A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL databases for studies published in English within the last decade. The keywords utilized included "Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation," "Maxillofacial Prosthesis," and "rehabilitation," as well as "Virtual Rehabilitation," "Artificial intelligence," and "digital technology." The initial search yielded 178 articles. After resolving 51 duplicates, 127 articles were screened based on titles and abstracts. Following full-text assessment, 81 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.The results indicated that advancements in digital technologies, digital imaging, data acquisition, and the integration of digital workflows have significantly transformed the rehabilitation of maxillofacial prosthetics. These innovations enabled customization and personalization, provided an improved fit, enhanced precision, reduced number of visits and chair time, and facilitated seamless rehabilitation of complex maxillofacial defects. Four-dimensional printing involves materials that can change shape or properties over time, enabled printed objects to adapt dynamically to external stimuli, enhancing both comfort and functionality of prosthetics. Further advancements, such as five-dimensional and six-dimensional printing, improved the sensory capabilities of prostheses. Virtual and augmented reality enhance real-world experiences by overlaying digital data, improving accuracy and fit, enabling virtual surgical planning, and developing patient-specific implants. Artificial intelligence (AI) assists automated decision-making and supports the design of AI-driven prostheses. AI algorithms have shown the potential to automate digital planning, replicate intricate anatomical features, and attain high diagnostic accuracy in maxillofacial prosthodontic scenarios.
颌面修复学是一个专注于替换部分或全部面部及颅骨结构的专业领域。近年来，数字技术在颌面修复体制造方面已比传统方法更受欢迎。本研究旨在全面回顾颌面修复康复领域的最新创新，重点关注新兴技术及其对患者预后、治疗效率和整体生活质量的影响。
在科学网、PubMed、MEDLINE和CENTRAL数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，以查找过去十年内发表的英文研究。使用的关键词包括“颌面修复体植入”“颌面修复体”和“康复”，以及“虚拟康复”“人工智能”和“数字技术”。初步检索得到178篇文章。在解决51篇重复文章后，基于标题和摘要筛选出127篇文章。经过全文评估，81篇文章符合纳入标准并被纳入综述。
结果表明，数字技术、数字成像、数据采集以及数字工作流程的整合方面的进展显著改变了颌面修复学的康复过程。这些创新实现了定制化和个性化，提供了更好的贴合度，提高了精度，减少了就诊次数和就诊时间，并促进了复杂颌面缺损的无缝康复。四维打印涉及能随时间改变形状或特性的材料，使打印物体能够动态适应外部刺激，增强了修复体的舒适性和功能性。诸如五维打印和六维打印等进一步的进展提高了修复体的感官能力。虚拟现实和增强现实通过叠加数字数据增强现实世界体验，提高准确性和贴合度，实现虚拟手术规划，并开发针对患者的植入物。人工智能（AI）辅助自动化决策并支持人工智能驱动的修复体设计。人工智能算法已显示出在颌面修复场景中实现数字规划自动化、复制复杂解剖特征以及获得高诊断准确性的潜力。
