Correlation between Tomographic and Histopathological Staging in Upfront Resected Gastric Cancer: Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy in the Era of Perioperative Therapy.

PURPOSE

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector contrast-enhanced computerised tomography (MDCT) and to establish a correlation between radiological and histopathological staging in upfront resected localised gastric cancers (GC).

METHODS

All consecutive patients of resectable, localised GC who underwent upfront elective resection between 2010 and 2022 were included. The initial clinical staging determined during multidisciplinary meetings was compared with the pathological stage obtained after surgery. Subsequently, a retrospective, blinded review was conducted to assign a revised clinical staging, and accuracy was correlated.

RESULTS

The analysis of 138 patients revealed varying accuracy of MDCT in determining the T stage (66.9% for T1/T2, 64.6% for T3, and 87.2% for T4) and N stage (60.8% for N0, 63.7% for N1, and 83.2% for N2). The accuracy for stage group ranged from 71 to 78.65%. There was weak agreement observed between the T, N, and overall stage on clinicopathological correlation. However, a blinded radiology review by oncoradiologists resulted in improved accuracy, particularly in T1/T2 disease, and also improved pathological stage correlation.

CONCLUSIONS

Although MDCT is a valuable initial staging tool for gastric cancer, we found weak agreement between the clinical and the pathological stages in upfront resected gastric cancers. By implementing an expert radiology review and standardising scanning and reporting protocols, we can significantly improve the accuracy and correlation of MDCT with pathology, even for T1/T2 disease. This may help in better selecting patients for upfront surgery versus perioperative chemotherapy, especially in resource-constrained settings.