自我效能感、社会支持、种族歧视与青少年口腔健康之间的关联。
Associations between self-efficacy, social support, racial discrimination, and adolescents oral health.
作者信息
Dahlan Rana, Bohlouli Sanaz, Bohlouli Babak, Amin Maryam
机构信息
Mike Petrik School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 11405-87 Ave. N.W., 5 Th Floor, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1 C9, Canada.
Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, 21991, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 27;25(1):1955. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23188-z.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to develop a conceptual model exploring the relationships between perceived social support (PSS), self-efficacy, racial discrimination, and oral health (OH) in adolescents.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 12-18 was conducted at a university dental clinic. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics, OH, PSS, general self-efficacy, and task-specific self-efficacy (TSSE). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 252 adolescents participated in the study, with an average age of 14 years; 60% were female, 81% were born in Canada, 56% identified as White, and 20% perceived discrimination. PSS was positively associated with general self-efficacy (p = 0.002), TSSE for dental visits (p = 0.004), dietary habits (p = 0.004), and tooth-brushing (p = 0.002), while also elevating sugar consumption (p = 0.002). PSS (p = 0.048) and discrimination (p = 0.01) reduced tooth-brushing frequency. Self-efficacy for dietary habits (p = 0.005) and tooth-brushing (p = 0.002) positively correlated with increased tooth-brushing, while self-efficacy for dietary habits decreased sugar consumption (p = 0.001). Self-efficacy for tooth-brushing was linked to reduced dental visits (p = 0.02). PSS indirectly increased brushing frequency (p = 0.02) and reduced dental-care utilization (p = 0.004). Discrimination indirectly reduced self-efficacy for dental visits (p = 0.003) but increased self-efficacies for tooth-brushing (p = 0.01) and dietary habits (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
PSS was directly related to increased self-efficacy, while discrimination indirectly affected OH. Oral health was associated with self-efficacy for dietary habits and tooth-brushing, but not dental visits alone.
IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH EQUITY
The findings underscore the critical need to address systemic inequities in oral health care access. By exploring the interplay between social support, discrimination, and self-efficacy, this study highlights actionable pathways to reduce disparities and improve oral health outcomes among adolescents.
目的
本研究旨在建立一个概念模型，探讨青少年的感知社会支持（PSS）、自我效能感、种族歧视与口腔健康（OH）之间的关系。
方法
在一家大学牙科诊所对12至18岁的青少年进行了一项横断面研究。参与者完成了一份关于人口统计学、口腔健康、感知社会支持、一般自我效能感和特定任务自我效能感（TSSE）的问卷。采用结构方程模型（SEM）进行分析。
结果
共有252名青少年参与了该研究，平均年龄为14岁；60%为女性，81%出生在加拿大，56%为白人，20%感知到歧视。感知社会支持与一般自我效能感（p = 0.002）、看牙的特定任务自我效能感（p = 0.004）、饮食习惯（p = 0.004）和刷牙（p = 0.002）呈正相关，同时也增加了糖分摄入（p = 0.002）。感知社会支持（p = 0.048）和歧视（p = 0.01）降低了刷牙频率。饮食习惯（p = 0.005）和刷牙（p = 0.002）的自我效能感与刷牙频率增加呈正相关，而饮食习惯的自我效能感降低了糖分摄入（p = 0.001）。刷牙的自我效能感与看牙次数减少有关（p = 0.02）。感知社会支持间接增加了刷牙频率（p = 0.02）并降低了牙科护理利用率（p = 0.004）。歧视间接降低了看牙的自我效能感（p = 0.003），但增加了刷牙（p = 0.01）和饮食习惯（p = 0.03）的自我效能感。
结论
感知社会支持与自我效能感的提高直接相关，而歧视间接影响口腔健康。口腔健康与饮食习惯和刷牙的自我效能感有关，但不仅仅与看牙有关。
对健康公平的启示
研究结果强调了迫切需要解决口腔医疗服务获取方面的系统性不平等问题。通过探讨社会支持、歧视和自我效能感之间的相互作用，本研究突出了减少差距和改善青少年口腔健康结果切实可行的途径。
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