Hoseininezhad Nahid, Nooripour Roghieh, Hosseinian Simin, Abdollahi Abbas
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Counseling, Qa.C., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
BMC Psychol. 2025 May 27;13(1):568. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02902-x.
The Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) is tool for evaluating individual's ethical decision-making skills. This study aimed to investigate the validation process of the Persian version of the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) among Iranian university students.
This research employed translation and validation design with cross-sectional approach, focusing on Iranian university students nationwide between May 5, 2020, and January 23, 2021. Data collection involved 537 participants (402 women and 135 men) selected through convenience sampling. After excluding 31 outliers, final sample comprised 506 respondents. These participants completed various questionnaires, including the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES), Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). The study assessed through Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient and Convergent and Divergent Validity using SPSS-21 and AMOS-24.
The face and content validity of the SCES were confirmed, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated its one-factor structure and showed good model fit indices. The SCES demonstrated strong negative correlation with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) (r = -0.561, p < 0.01). Positive correlations were observed between the SCES and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) (r = 0.411, p < 0.01), Snyder Hope Scale (Hope) (r = 0.332, p < 0.01), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) (r = 0.29, p < 0.01), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (r = 0.599, p < 0.01), and Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES) (r = 0.352, p < 0.05).
This research supported the satisfactory validity and reliability of the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) in assessing ethical inclinations in Iranian university student population.
圣克拉拉道德量表（SCES）是一种用于评估个体道德决策技能的工具。本研究旨在调查圣克拉拉道德量表（SCES）波斯语版本在伊朗大学生中的效度验证过程。
本研究采用翻译和验证设计，并采用横断面研究方法，研究对象为2020年5月5日至2021年1月23日期间全国范围内的伊朗大学生。数据收集涉及通过便利抽样选取的537名参与者（402名女性和135名男性）。在排除31个异常值后，最终样本包括506名受访者。这些参与者完成了各种问卷，包括圣克拉拉道德量表（SCES）、咨询自我效能量表中的伦理和法律问题量表（ELICSES）、自恋人格量表（NPI）、罗森伯格自尊量表（RSES）、成人希望量表（AHS）、马洛-克劳恩社会赞许性量表（MC-SDS）和自我同情量表（SCS）。本研究使用SPSS-21和AMOS-24通过克朗巴哈α系数以及收敛效度和区分效度进行评估。
证实了SCES的表面效度和内容效度，验证性因素分析（CFA）验证了其一因素结构，并显示出良好的模型拟合指数。SCES与自恋人格量表（NPI-16）呈强烈负相关（r = -0.561，p < 0.01）。在SCES与罗森伯格自尊量表（SES）（r = 0.411，p < 0.01）、斯奈德希望量表（Hope）（r = 0.332，p < 0.01）、马洛-克劳恩社会赞许性量表（MC-SDS）（r = 0.29，p < 0.01）、自我同情量表（SCS）（r = 0.599，p < 0.01）以及咨询自我效能量表中的伦理和法律问题量表（ELICSES）（r = 0.352，p < 0.05）之间观察到正相关。
本研究支持圣克拉拉道德量表（SCES）在评估伊朗大学生群体道德倾向方面具有令人满意的效度和信度。
