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针对女性政治家的虚假信息是否反映了性别刻板印象?探究领导人政治倾向的作用。

Does Disinformation Toward Women Politicians Reflect Gender Stereotypes? Exploring the Role of Leaders' Political Orientations.

作者信息

Sportelli Carmela, D'Errico Francesca

机构信息

Faculty of Psychology, Uninettuno Telematic International University, 00186 Rome, Italy.

For.Psi.Com, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.

出版信息

Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 May 17;15(5):695. doi: 10.3390/bs15050695.


DOI:10.3390/bs15050695
PMID:40426472
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12108650/
Abstract

The recent literature highlights the importance of implementing ad hoc media literacy initiatives to counter sexist stereotypical representations in social media, particularly within the political field. To this end, the present study focuses on false and misleading contents (information disorders) about female politicians, since they can reflect gender stereotypes, portraying women as unfit for political roles. Thus, our exploratory study aims to analyze the stereotype content of information disorders targeting Italian female politicians, following classic models of stereotype content. Furthermore, it seeks to explore the role played by the type of information disorder and the political orientation of the targeted leaders. A database of 120 information disorders have been collected, codified, and analyzed. The results highlight that information disorders predominantly target the dimension of communion. Focusing on the types of information disorders, fabricated and misleading content appears to be associated with the professional and private life domains, primarily conveying communion-based stereotypical representations of politicians. Satirical and parodic contents, on the other hand, were associated with the esthetic domain, conveying agency-based stereotypical representations, with a particular focus on politicians' physical competence. Regarding political orientation, a "Stereotyping from my eyes" effect was observed: communion-based stereotypical content prevails in information disorders targeting conservative leaders, while progressive leaders are stereotyped concerning the agency dimension. This effect may reveal a difference between conservative and progressive audiences in their adherence to traditional gender roles.

摘要

最近的文献强调了实施临时媒体素养倡议以对抗社交媒体中性别歧视刻板印象的重要性,尤其是在政治领域。为此,本研究聚焦于关于女性政治家的虚假和误导性内容(信息失序),因为它们可能反映性别刻板印象,将女性描绘为不适合政治角色。因此,我们的探索性研究旨在按照刻板印象内容的经典模式,分析针对意大利女性政治家的信息失序中的刻板印象内容。此外,它还试图探究信息失序类型和目标领导人的政治倾向所起的作用。我们收集、编纂并分析了一个包含120条信息失序的数据库。结果表明,信息失序主要针对共融维度。关注信息失序的类型,编造和误导性内容似乎与职业和私人生活领域相关,主要传达基于共融的政治家刻板印象。另一方面,讽刺和恶搞内容与审美领域相关,传达基于能动性的刻板印象,尤其关注政治家的身体能力。关于政治倾向,观察到一种“从我眼中的刻板印象”效应:在针对保守派领导人的信息失序中,基于共融的刻板印象内容占主导,而进步派领导人则在能动性维度上被刻板化。这种效应可能揭示了保守派和进步派受众在对传统性别角色的坚持上存在差异。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/5cb52012fab7/behavsci-15-00695-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/e53da92e4f28/behavsci-15-00695-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/78e21caf081c/behavsci-15-00695-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/a781c4e57016/behavsci-15-00695-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/abdb409132ac/behavsci-15-00695-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/3d961a9afa7b/behavsci-15-00695-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/d1d60cebe598/behavsci-15-00695-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/579497dfd45b/behavsci-15-00695-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/5cb52012fab7/behavsci-15-00695-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/e53da92e4f28/behavsci-15-00695-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/78e21caf081c/behavsci-15-00695-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/a781c4e57016/behavsci-15-00695-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/abdb409132ac/behavsci-15-00695-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/3d961a9afa7b/behavsci-15-00695-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/d1d60cebe598/behavsci-15-00695-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/579497dfd45b/behavsci-15-00695-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7718/12108650/5cb52012fab7/behavsci-15-00695-g008.jpg

相似文献

[1]
Does Disinformation Toward Women Politicians Reflect Gender Stereotypes? Exploring the Role of Leaders' Political Orientations.

Behav Sci (Basel). 2025-5-17

[2]
Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter-stereotypical tasks.

Br J Soc Psychol. 2018-1-26

[3]
When racism and sexism benefit Black and female politicians: Politicians' ideology moderates prejudice's effect more than politicians' demographic background.

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2021-6

[4]
Big Boys Don't Cry: Evaluations of Politicians Across Issue, Gender, and Emotion.

Polit Behav. 2023

[5]
Rethinking stereotype reliance. Understanding the connection between female candidates and gender stereotypes.

Politics Life Sci. 2013

[6]
Gender stereotypes in leadership: Analyzing the content and evaluation of stereotypes about typical, male, and female leaders.

Front Psychol. 2023-1-27

[7]
The ABC of stereotypes about groups: Agency/socioeconomic success, conservative-progressive beliefs, and communion.

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2016-5

[8]
Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms.

Psychol Bull. 2011-7

[9]
Stereotype Content at the Intersection of Gender and Sexual Orientation.

Front Psychol. 2021-7-15

[10]
Gender and Media Representations: A Review of the Literature on Gender Stereotypes, Objectification and Sexualization.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023-5-9

本文引用的文献

[1]
How to "inoculate" against multimodal misinformation: A conceptual replication of Roozenbeek and van der Linden (2020).

Sci Rep. 2023-10-25

[2]
Gender and Media Representations: A Review of the Literature on Gender Stereotypes, Objectification and Sexualization.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023-5-9

[3]
Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning.

Cognition. 2018-6-20

[4]
The science of fake news.

Science. 2018-3-9

[5]
Feeling Offended: A Blow to Our Image and Our Social Relationships.

Front Psychol. 2018-1-17

[6]
Gender Stereotypes.

Annu Rev Psychol. 2017-9-27

[7]
Adolescent Girls' STEM Identity Formation and Media Images of STEM Professionals: Considering the Influence of Contextual Cues.

Front Psychol. 2017-5-26

[8]
Facets of the Fundamental Content Dimensions: Agency with Competence and Assertiveness-Communion with Warmth and Morality.

Front Psychol. 2016-11-22

[9]
"The Bitter Laughter". When Parody Is a Moral and Affective Priming in Political Persuasion.

Front Psychol. 2016-8-9

[10]
Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms.

Psychol Bull. 2011-7

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