Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 May 9;20(10):5770. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20105770.
Media representations play an important role in producing sociocultural pressures. Despite social and legal progress in civil rights, restrictive gender-based representations appear to be still very pervasive in some contexts. The article explores scientific research on the relationship between media representations and gender stereotypes, objectification and sexualization, focusing on their presence in the cultural context. Results show how stereotyping, objectifying and sexualizing representations appear to be still very common across a number of contexts. Exposure to stereotyping representations appears to strengthen beliefs in gender stereotypes and endorsement of gender role norms, as well as fostering sexism, harassment and violence in men and stifling career-related ambitions in women. Exposure to objectifying and sexualizing representations appears to be associated with the internalization of cultural ideals of appearance, endorsement of sexist attitudes and tolerance of abuse and body shame. In turn, factors associated with exposure to these representations have been linked to detrimental effects on physical and psychological well-being, such as eating disorder symptomatology, increased body surveillance and poorer body image quality of life. However, specificities in the pathways from exposure to detrimental effects on well-being are involved for certain populations that warrant further research.
媒体的呈现方式在产生社会文化压力方面起着重要作用。尽管在公民权利方面取得了社会和法律上的进步，但在某些情况下，基于性别的限制呈现方式似乎仍然非常普遍。本文探讨了媒体呈现方式与性别刻板印象、物化和性化之间关系的科学研究，重点关注它们在文化背景中的存在。研究结果表明，刻板印象、物化和性化的呈现方式在许多情况下似乎仍然非常普遍。接触刻板印象的呈现方式似乎会增强对性别刻板印象的信念和对性别角色规范的认可，以及助长男性中的性别歧视、骚扰和暴力，以及抑制女性的职业相关野心。接触物化和性化的呈现方式似乎与内化外表的文化理想、认可性别歧视态度以及容忍虐待和身体羞耻感有关。反过来，与接触这些呈现方式相关的因素与身心健康的不利影响有关，例如饮食失调症状、身体监控增加和身体形象质量生活较差。然而，对于某些需要进一步研究的特定人群，从接触到对幸福感的不利影响的途径存在特殊性。
