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功能性肾移植上发生的尿路上皮癌

Urothelial Carcinoma Arising on a Functional Kidney Graft.

作者信息

Moldoveanu Oana, Baston Cătălin, Sorohan Bogdan, Discălicău Lucas, Mirvald Cristian, Baston Oana Mădălina, Sinescu Ioanel

机构信息

Department of Urology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.

Center of Surgical Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania.

出版信息

Biomedicines. 2025 May 6;13(5):1118. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13051118.


DOI:10.3390/biomedicines13051118
PMID:40426945
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12109492/
Abstract

: Kidney transplant recipients present a higher risk of developing malignancies than the general population. Malignancies represent the third leading cause of death for kidney transplant recipients. There is an increased risk of developing urothelial carcinoma among kidney transplant recipients, but it is not as high as the risk of renal cell carcinoma, which is the most common urologic malignancy. Although the bladder is the most common location for urothelial carcinoma, urothelial carcinomas of the upper tracts of the native kidneys and the allograft are also reported. The estimated incidence of urothelial carcinomas arising on kidney grafts is 0.019%. We present a case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer 10 years after the transplant. This was successfully treated with TURBT (transurethral resection of the bladder tumor) and BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) instillations. Two years later, this patient developed metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the allograft. Nephroureterectomy of the transplant with bladder preservation after BCG treatment, no systemic chemotherapy, and cessation of immunotherapy were the treatments of choice in this case. Local oncologic control and spontaneous complete regression of pulmonary metastasis were obtained at a 2-year follow-up. With this case, we emphasize the fact that managing urothelial carcinomas in kidney transplant recipients is a provocative challenge for surgeons, nephrologists, and oncologists, as there are no treatment guidelines or protocols.

摘要

肾移植受者发生恶性肿瘤的风险高于普通人群。恶性肿瘤是肾移植受者的第三大死亡原因。肾移植受者发生尿路上皮癌的风险增加,但不如肾细胞癌的风险高,肾细胞癌是最常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤。尽管膀胱是尿路上皮癌最常见的发病部位,但也有关于自体肾和移植肾上部尿路上皮癌的报道。肾移植后发生尿路上皮癌的估计发病率为0.019%。我们报告一例肾移植受者,在移植后10年发生非肌层浸润性膀胱癌。经经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)和卡介苗(BCG)膀胱灌注成功治疗。两年后,该患者发生移植肾转移性尿路上皮癌。本例的治疗选择是在卡介苗治疗后保留膀胱行移植肾输尿管切除术,不进行全身化疗,并停止免疫治疗。在2年的随访中实现了局部肿瘤控制和肺转移的自发完全消退。通过这个病例,我们强调了一个事实,即对于外科医生、肾病学家和肿瘤学家来说,处理肾移植受者的尿路上皮癌是一个具有挑战性的难题,因为目前尚无治疗指南或方案。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/a49b661aacc3/biomedicines-13-01118-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/8ffef0c46c16/biomedicines-13-01118-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/95578e290d5a/biomedicines-13-01118-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/8b1d213c6d65/biomedicines-13-01118-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/af5c959c172b/biomedicines-13-01118-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/1a00724ad257/biomedicines-13-01118-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/a49b661aacc3/biomedicines-13-01118-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/8ffef0c46c16/biomedicines-13-01118-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/95578e290d5a/biomedicines-13-01118-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/8b1d213c6d65/biomedicines-13-01118-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/af5c959c172b/biomedicines-13-01118-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/1a00724ad257/biomedicines-13-01118-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dd0c/12109492/a49b661aacc3/biomedicines-13-01118-g006.jpg

相似文献

[1]
Urothelial Carcinoma Arising on a Functional Kidney Graft.

Biomedicines. 2025-5-6

[2]
Efficacy of BCG for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer following nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Urol Oncol. 2024-9

[3]
Renal cell carcinoma and upper tract urothelial carcinoma in kidney transplant recipients.

J Med Life. 2025-4

[4]
Urothelial carcinoma of the graft kidney with molecular analyses: a rare case report.

Diagn Pathol. 2021-6-14

[5]
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure in patients with non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder may be due to the urologist's failure to detect urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and urethra.

Eur Urol. 2013-10-9

[6]
Renal Tuberculosis Following Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer.

Med Arch. 2020-4

[7]
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prostato-epididymitis in a patient treated for a non-invasive urothelial cancer: A case report.

IDCases. 2024-4-19

[8]
Peritoneal tuberculosis caused by intravesical instillation with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) following nephroureterectomy in a patient with bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer: a case report.

Acta Clin Belg. 2023-6

[9]
Development of urologic de novo malignancies after renal transplantation.

Transplant Proc. 2014

[10]
Malignancies arising in allograft kidneys, with a first reported translocation RCC post-transplantation: A case series.

Pathol Res Pract. 2015-8

本文引用的文献

[1]
Spontaneous regression of a metastatic carcinoma transmitted by a kidney graft.

Explor Target Antitumor Ther. 2023

[2]
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with de novo urothelial carcinoma: thirty years of experience from a single center.

BMC Urol. 2023-4-28

[3]
Subsequent Upper Urinary Tract Carcinoma Related to Worse Survival in Patients Treated with BCG.

Cancers (Basel). 2023-3-28

[4]
Urothelial Carcinoma in an Allograft kidney.

Case Rep Nephrol Dial. 2022-5-31

[5]
Complete response to pembrolizumab for metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the renal pelvis of allograft kidney.

IJU Case Rep. 2022-3-25

[6]
Bilateral Nephroureterectomy Versus Unilateral Nephroureterectomy for Treating De Novo Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma After Renal Transplantation: A Comparison of Surgical and Oncological outcomes.

Clin Med Insights Oncol. 2021-8-5

[7]
Risk factors, management, and survival of bladder cancer after kidney transplantation.

Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed). 2021

[8]
The safety and efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin intravesical therapy in kidney transplant recipients with superficial bladder cancer.

Clin Transplant. 2021-7

[9]
European Association of Urology (EAU) Prognostic Factor Risk Groups for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Incorporating the WHO 2004/2016 and WHO 1973 Classification Systems for Grade: An Update from the EAU NMIBC Guidelines Panel.

Eur Urol. 2021-4

[10]
Pretransplant solid organ malignancy and organ transplant candidacy: A consensus expert opinion statement.

Am J Transplant. 2021-2

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