Szczepek Reed Beatrice, Lundesjö Kvart Susanne
School of Education, Communication and Society, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Animals (Basel). 2025 May 14;15(10):1418. doi: 10.3390/ani15101418.
In many types of embodied skills instruction, the learnables-that is, the local and jointly negotiated foci of instruction-emerge from a combination between a pre-existing lesson plan and the spontaneous interaction between teacher and student. Through the analytical lens of Conversation Analysis, this paper investigates the interspecies instruction setting of horse-riding lessons and shows how here, it is not only the human teachers and learners that determine the emergence of new learnables but also the horses. Horses' actions can initiate new courses of action in a lesson, and horses can thus become interactional partners in the instructional project. Horse-led learnables can be initiated in at least three ways: through horses' displays of mental or physical states that pre-date the instruction sequence; through actions that respond to local contingencies of the instruction sequence; and through actions that respond specifically to the rider's actions. In the last case, their responses become diagnostic of the rider's mistakes. In all three cases, the human participants take their cue from the horse and base new learnables on horses' actions. Human-led learnables can be adjusted, changed, replaced, or abandoned completely in response to horses. The study broadens the emerging field of interspecies pragmatics to include instructional interactions involving the triad of human-human-horse triad.
在许多类型的具身技能教学中，可学习内容——即局部的、经共同协商的教学重点——产生于预先制定的教案与师生间自发互动的结合。本文通过会话分析的分析视角，研究了骑马课程的跨物种教学情境，并展示了在此情境中，不仅人类教师和学习者决定新可学习内容的出现，马匹也起着作用。马匹的行为可以在课程中引发新的行动过程，因此马匹可以成为教学项目中的互动伙伴。由马主导的可学习内容至少可以通过三种方式引发：通过马匹在教学序列之前展示的心理或身体状态；通过对教学序列中的局部偶发情况做出反应的行为；以及通过专门对骑手的行为做出反应的行为。在最后一种情况下，它们的反应成为对骑手错误的诊断。在所有这三种情况下，人类参与者都从马匹那里获得线索，并根据马匹的行为确定新的可学习内容。由人主导的可学习内容可以根据马匹的情况进行调整、改变、替换或完全舍弃。该研究拓宽了新兴的跨物种语用学领域，将涉及人-人-马三元组的教学互动纳入其中。
