Shankar Meghna Parakkal, Boggian Alessandra, Aparicio-Quiñonez Daniela, Djerbib Sami, Rios-Morris Eduardo, Costagliola Sabine, Romitti Mírian
Institute of Jacques-Dumont Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (Jacques-Dumont IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
Biomolecules. 2025 May 21;15(5):747. doi: 10.3390/biom15050747.
Thyroid organoids, three-dimensional in vitro models derived from stem cells, have emerged as a powerful tool for studying thyroid development, function, and disease mechanisms. These organoids recapitulate the key aspects of the thyroid gland, including the follicular structure, hormone production, and response to stimuli such as to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Recent advances in thyroid organoid technology have established the basis for the modeling of development and thyroid diseases, including congenital hypothyroidism (CH), autoimmune conditions like Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and other thyroid-related disorders. By utilizing pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and adult tissue, researchers have generated organoid models suitable for dissecting the mechanisms associated with thyroid development while mimicking the genetic, functional, and inflammatory characteristics of thyroid diseases. Additionally, thyroid organoids offer the potential for personalized medicine by providing a platform to test therapies in a more clinically relevant context. This review highlights the recent progress in thyroid organoid generation, discusses their applications in dissecting the thyroid development mechanisms and disease modeling, and explores their potential for advancing our understanding of the thyroid physiology and pathology. Furthermore, we address the challenges and future directions in the optimization and use of thyroid organoids in translational research.
甲状腺类器官是源自干细胞的三维体外模型，已成为研究甲状腺发育、功能及疾病机制的有力工具。这些类器官概括了甲状腺的关键特征，包括滤泡结构、激素产生以及对诸如促甲状腺激素（TSH）等刺激的反应。甲状腺类器官技术的最新进展为甲状腺发育及疾病建模奠定了基础，这些疾病包括先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）、格雷夫斯病和桥本甲状腺炎等自身免疫性疾病以及其他甲状腺相关病症。通过利用多能干细胞（PSC）和成体组织，研究人员已构建出适用于剖析与甲状腺发育相关机制的类器官模型，同时模拟甲状腺疾病的遗传、功能及炎症特征。此外，甲状腺类器官通过提供一个在更具临床相关性的背景下测试疗法的平台，为个性化医疗带来了潜力。本综述重点介绍了甲状腺类器官生成方面的最新进展，讨论了它们在剖析甲状腺发育机制和疾病建模中的应用，并探讨了它们在增进我们对甲状腺生理学和病理学理解方面的潜力。此外，我们还阐述了在转化研究中优化和使用甲状腺类器官所面临的挑战及未来方向。
