García-Llorente Antonio Manuel, Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel, Casimiro-Andújar Antonio J, Abraldes J Arturo, Marcos-Pardo Pablo J
SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CIBIS (Centro de Investigación para el Bienestar y la Inclusión Social) Research Center, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Research Group Movement Sciences and Sport (MS&SPORT), Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 May 10;13(10):1110. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13101110.
The global aging trend increases chronic diseases and lowers quality of life. Exercise is vital for physiological, cognitive, and mental health, countering age-related decline. Outdoor multidomain interventions enhance adherence, motivation, and resilience, supporting independence and well-being. : This paper aimed to apply an outdoor exercise protocol for middle-aged and older people and to study its preliminary effects on cognitive state, body composition, cardiovascular health, physical fitness, physiological function, physical activity, frailty, incidence of sarcopenia, and satisfaction with life. : This protocol describes an eighteen-week, two-pronged, parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial. This paper complies with the Consort and SPIRIT guidelines. A cohort comprising a minimum of fifty-two older adults from the University for Seniors program will be equally allocated to a multidomain training group (TG) and a passive control group (CG). : The TG will follow a multidomain outdoor intervention twice a week for a complete duration of 18 weeks, with recommendations for additional autonomous cardiorespiratory training. The supervised sessions will be divided into a 10-min warm-up session focusing on activation and joint mobility, followed by 40 min of resistance training, cardiorespiratory training, and balance and coordination; and it concludes with a 10-min cool-down featuring flexibility, relaxation, and playful emotional intelligence tasks. Cognitive training will be integrated across different parts of the session. : This preliminary study aims to explore the feasibility and potential effectiveness of outdoor multidomain training in improving the health of older adults. Importantly, by including late middle-aged adults from the age of 55, this study also aims to explore the potential of preventive strategies initiated before reaching old age. This reflects a broader conceptualization of healthy aging as a lifelong process, where early interventions may help mitigate decline and extend independence into later life. The partnership between health professionals and physical activity fosters independence for older adults, addressing the increasing burden on health services.
全球老龄化趋势增加了慢性病的发病率并降低了生活质量。运动对于生理、认知和心理健康至关重要，可对抗与年龄相关的衰退。户外多领域干预可提高依从性、动力和恢复力，支持独立性和幸福感。本文旨在为中老年人应用一项户外锻炼方案，并研究其对认知状态、身体成分、心血管健康、体能、生理功能、身体活动、虚弱、肌肉减少症发病率和生活满意度的初步影响。该方案描述了一项为期18周的、双管齐下的、平行的、单盲随机对照试验。本文符合《CONSORT声明》和《SPIRIT指南》。一个至少由52名来自老年大学项目的老年人组成的队列将被平均分配到多领域训练组（TG）和被动对照组（CG）。TG组将每周进行两次多领域户外干预，为期18周，并建议进行额外的自主心肺训练。有监督的课程将分为一个10分钟的热身环节，重点是激活和关节活动度，随后是40分钟的阻力训练、心肺训练以及平衡和协调训练；最后是一个10分钟的放松环节，包括灵活性、放松和趣味性情商任务。认知训练将融入课程的不同部分。这项初步研究旨在探索户外多领域训练在改善老年人健康方面的可行性和潜在效果。重要的是，通过纳入55岁及以上的中年后期成年人，本研究还旨在探索在进入老年之前启动预防策略的潜力。这反映了将健康老龄化作为一个终身过程的更广泛概念，早期干预可能有助于减轻衰退并将独立性延伸到晚年。健康专业人员与体育活动之间的伙伴关系促进了老年人的独立性，减轻了卫生服务日益增加的负担。
