Qi Yanli, Wang Weirong, Ren Pengcheng, Qin Shu, Li Jindong, Cao Junli
Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China.
Foods. 2025 May 14;14(10):1745. doi: 10.3390/foods14101745.
Trifloxystrobin and bupirimate are widely used as fungicides for controlling powdery mildew in cucumber cultivation. Supervised field trials were conducted in 12 representative regions across China, following Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) guidelines, to investigate their residue patterns and potential dietary exposure risks. Cucumber samples were analyzed using a validated method involving extraction with acidified acetonitrile (2% acetic acid, /), cleanup with primary secondary amine (PSA) and graphitised carbon black (GCB), and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The method demonstrated excellent recovery rates (85-103%) throughout four spiking levels (0.01, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg), with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 4.8%. At 3 days after treatment, the residues of trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid), bupirimate, and ethirimol in cucumbers were found to range from <0.01 to 0.013 mg/kg, <0.01 to 0.076 mg/kg, and <0.01 to 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. A chronic dietary risk assessment was conducted using a probabilistic model. The results showed an acceptable chronic risk (RQ ≤ 2.476%) for trifloxystrobin, bupirimate, and ethirimol across different sexes and ages, supporting the conclusion that the use of these fungicides in cucumber cultivation under the tested conditions was safe for Chinese consumers. More research was needed on children because they are at higher risk than other groups.
肟菌酯和乙嘧酚磺酸酯作为杀菌剂在黄瓜种植中被广泛用于防治白粉病。按照良好农业规范（GAP）指南，在中国12个代表性地区开展了监督性田间试验，以调查它们的残留模式和潜在膳食暴露风险。黄瓜样品采用经过验证的方法进行分析，该方法包括用酸化乙腈（2%乙酸，/）萃取、用伯仲胺（PSA）和石墨化炭黑（GCB）净化以及用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）进行定量。该方法在四个加标水平（0.01、0.1、0.3和1 mg/kg）下均显示出优异的回收率（85 - 103%），相对标准偏差（RSD）≤4.8%。处理后3天，黄瓜中肟菌酯（包括肟菌酸）、乙嘧酚磺酸酯和乙嘧酚的残留量分别为<0.01至0.013 mg/kg、<0.01至0.076 mg/kg和<0.01至0.04 mg/kg。使用概率模型进行了慢性膳食风险评估。结果表明，肟菌酯、乙嘧酚磺酸酯和乙嘧酚在不同性别和年龄人群中的慢性风险均可接受（风险商数≤2.476%），支持了在测试条件下黄瓜种植中使用这些杀菌剂对中国消费者安全的结论。由于儿童比其他群体面临更高风险，因此需要针对儿童开展更多研究。
