Calotă Rodica Narcisa, Rusu Mugurel Constantin, Rusu Marius Ioan, Dumitru Cătălin Constantin, Vrapciu Alexandra Diana
Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Division of Economic Informatics, Faculty of Cybernetics, Statistics and Economic Informatics, University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Apr 22;61(5):775. doi: 10.3390/medicina61050775.
: The superior thyroid artery (STA) typically has its origin inferiorly to the greater hyoid horn (GHHB) either from the external carotid artery (ECA) or from the carotid bifurcation (CB) or the common carotid artery (CCA). We aimed to determine the topographic variants of the STA related to the GHHB and the artery of origin and to check their bilateral symmetry. Determinations were performed in a sample of 85 archived angio CT adult cases, comprising 53 men and 32 women. The origins of the STAs from the CCA/CB/ECA were classified as types A-C. We defined the vertical topographies of the STA as follows in relation to the GHHB: type 1 (infrahyoid), type 2 (hyoid), and type 3 (suprahyoid). Subtypes of the STA course were added: "a", lateral to the GHHB; "b", medial; and "c", posterior to it. Unilateral combinations of types and bilateral associations of these were established. In 170 carotid axes, we detected STA type A in 8.82%, type B in 28.82%, and type C in 60% of cases. It was absent in 2.35% of the cases. The infrahyoid type 1 of STA was found in 47.06% of cases. The hyoid type 2 was found in 20.59% (2a), 0.59% (2b), and 4.71% (2c). The suprahyoid type 3 was found in 21.18% (3a), 0% (3b), and 3.53% (3c). Thirteen unilateral combinations of types were found. The most prevalent ones were C1 (27.71%), C3a (17.47%), and B1 (15.66%). We established thirty-seven bilateral associations of unilateral combinations of types. The cases with asymmetrical bilateral associations of unilateral combinations of types prevailed. A lowered hyoid bone overlapping the thyroid cartilage was found in one of these cases. The prevailing associations were C1-C1 (bilateral infrahyoid origin of the STA from the ECA, 13/85, 15.29%), C3a-C3a (suprahyoid origins of the STAs from the ECAs and lateral courses over the GHHB, 9/85, 10.58%) and C1-B1 (infrahyoid origins from the ECA and CB, 8/85, 9.41%). The vertical topography of the STA is highly variable and hardly predictable but can be examined in imaging studies. The GHHB may be of use to identify and manage the artery. The STA is rarely absent.
甲状腺上动脉（STA）通常起源于舌骨大角（GHHB）下方，要么起自颈外动脉（ECA），要么起自颈动脉分叉（CB）或颈总动脉（CCA）。我们旨在确定与GHHB及起源动脉相关的STA的解剖变异，并检查其双侧对称性。在85例存档的成人血管CT病例样本中进行了测定，其中包括53名男性和32名女性。将STA起自CCA/CB/ECA的情况分为A - C型。我们根据与GHHB的关系将STA的垂直解剖位置定义如下：1型（舌骨下）、2型（舌骨）和3型（舌骨上）。增加了STA走行的亚型：“a”，位于GHHB外侧；“b”，位于内侧；“c”，位于其后。确定了各型的单侧组合及其双侧关联。在170条颈动脉轴中，我们检测到8.82%的病例为STA A型，28.82%为B型，60%为C型。2.35%的病例未检测到STA。47.06%的病例为STA舌骨下1型。舌骨2型见于20.59%（2a）、0.59%（2b）和4.71%（2c）。舌骨上3型见于21.18%（3a）、0%（3b）和3.53%（3c）。发现了13种各型的单侧组合。最常见的是C1（27.71%）、C3a（17.47%）和B1（15.66%）。我们确定了37种各型单侧组合的双侧关联。各型单侧组合双侧不对称关联的病例占多数。其中1例发现舌骨位置降低并与甲状腺软骨重叠。最常见的关联是C1 - C1（STA双侧舌骨下起源于ECA，13/85，15.29%）、C3a - C3a（STA双侧舌骨上起源于ECA且在GHHB上方外侧走行，9/85，10.58%）和C1 - B1（起源于ECA和CB的舌骨下型，8/85，9.41%）。STA的垂直解剖位置高度可变且难以预测，但可在影像学检查中进行评估。GHHB可能有助于识别和处理该动脉。STA极少缺如。
