Tapia-Sierra Fanny Esther, Ticona-Flores Jesús Miguel, Reichard-Monefeldt Guillermo, Elvira-Tapia Naomi, Gallardo-López Nuria Esther, Diéguez-Pérez Montserrat
Dental Clinical Specialties Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Preclinical Dentistry Department, Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2025 May 21;14(10):3599. doi: 10.3390/jcm14103599.
The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has been linked to various factors, including functional and psychological factors, which makes it difficult to identify associations between a single etiological factor and the signs and symptoms of TMDs. : This study aimed to describe the presence of TMD symptoms and their relationship with sleep disturbances and emotional disorders in children and adolescents. : This observational study included Spanish children aged between 8 and 13 years. The measurement instruments consisted of the BRUNI survey for sleep disorders and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD) survey. A clinical examination was subsequently performed following the DC/TMD guidelines for diagnosing TMDs. Frequencies, means, and standard deviations were applied, along with the prevalence ratio as a measure of association and the chi-square test. The significance level was set at 5%. A total of 128 participants participated in the study with a mean age of 10.89 (±2.15) years. The prevalence of TMDs was 54%, while the most common symptoms were muscle pain at 26%, joint pain at 14%, and a combination of both at 14%. Children who presented muscle pain had a mean anxiety score of 44.87 (±11.85), whereas those without symptoms had a mean score of 36 (±10.78, and 0.03 -value). The BRUNI index revealed that 78.13% of patients with TMDs had difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, with a prevalence ratio (PR) of 3.57 (-value 0.041). : The present study reveals that temporomandibular disorders are common in children and adolescents, with 54% presenting at least one clinical sign or symptom. Emotional disturbances and sleep problems were also prevalent, affecting 41% and 56% of participants, respectively. Early interdisciplinary screening is essential to manage the co-occurrence of TMDs, emotional distress, and sleep problems in children.
颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMDs）的病因与多种因素有关，包括功能和心理因素，这使得难以确定单一病因与TMDs体征和症状之间的关联。本研究旨在描述儿童和青少年中TMD症状的存在情况及其与睡眠障碍和情绪障碍的关系。这项观察性研究纳入了8至13岁的西班牙儿童。测量工具包括用于睡眠障碍的BRUNI调查问卷和教育临床问卷：焦虑与抑郁（CECAD）调查问卷。随后按照DC/TMD诊断TMDs的指南进行了临床检查。应用了频率、均值和标准差，以及作为关联度量的患病率比和卡方检验。显著性水平设定为5%。共有128名参与者参与了该研究，平均年龄为10.89（±2.15）岁。TMDs的患病率为54%，最常见的症状是肌肉疼痛（26%）、关节疼痛（14%）以及两者皆有（14%）。出现肌肉疼痛的儿童焦虑平均得分为44.87（±11.85），而无症状儿童的平均得分为36（±10.78，P值为0.03）。BRUNI指数显示，78.13%的TMDs患者存在入睡和维持睡眠困难，患病率比（PR）为3.57（P值为0.041）。本研究表明，颞下颌关节紊乱病在儿童和青少年中很常见，54%的人至少有一项临床体征或症状。情绪障碍和睡眠问题也很普遍，分别影响了41%和56%的参与者。早期跨学科筛查对于管理儿童中TMDs、情绪困扰和睡眠问题的共现至关重要。
