Biopolymers of Polycaprolactone Loaded with Caffeic Acid and Extract Induced Proliferation in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells and Inhibited Platelet Activity.

In atherosclerosis, the proliferation and migration of endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and platelet activation alter endothelial function. Naturally occurring substances, such as caffeic acid (CA) and extract (TvE), have medicinal properties and are traditionally used for their antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Electrospun 5% and 8% polycaprolactone-loaded CA or TvE was developed as a delivery system. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), coronary artery SMCs (CASMCs), and platelets. Three types of systems (µF-CA, µF-TvE, and µF-CA/TvE) were developed and microscopically characterized. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy showed multidirectional fibers with diameters of 2-4.5 μm. The µF systems were hydrophobic and low cellular adhesion. The viability of CASMCs decreased with microfibers of 8% PCL and high CA concentration. However, the viability of CASMCs and HCAECs improved with 5% PCL and low CA concentration. Treatment with µF-TvE and µF-CA/TvE increased cell viability. HCAEC proliferation was affected by µF-CA, but incorporating TvE improved it. Platelet viability was unaffected by any µF system, but µF-CA and µF-CA/TvE inhibited the activation and adhesion of platelets. The results suggest that microfibers loaded with CA and TvE play a dual role in modifying HCAEC proliferation and blocking human platelet activation and adhesion. These findings have the potential to mitigate the atherosclerotic process.