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基于尿素-甲醛树脂和水炭的生物复合材料的合成与表征：固有热稳定性和分解动力学

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Composite Based on Urea-Formaldehyde Resin and Hydrochar: Inherent Thermal Stability and Decomposition Kinetics.

作者信息

Janković Bojan, Dodevski Vladimir, Janković Marija, Milenković Marija, Samaržija-Jovanović Suzana, Jovanović Vojislav, Marinović-Cincović Milena

机构信息

"Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia.

出版信息

Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 16;17(10):1375. doi: 10.3390/polym17101375.

DOI:10.3390/polym17101375
PMID:40430670
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12115115/
Abstract

This work reports a study on the structural characterization, evaluation of thermal stability, and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin modified with hydrochar (obtained by the hydrothermal carbonization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS)) (UF-HC). The structural characterization of UF-HC, performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analyses, showed that UF-HC consists of a large number of spheroidal particles, which are joined, thus forming clusters. It constitutes agglomerates, which are composed of crystals that have curved plate-like forms, including crystalline UF structure and graphite lattices with an oxidized face (graphene oxide, GO). The measurement of inherent thermal stability and non-isothermal decomposition kinetic analysis was carried out using simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyses (TGA-DTA) at various heating rates. Parameters that are obtained from thermal stability assessment have indicated the significant thermal stability of UF-HC. Substantial variation in activation energy and the pre-exponential factor with the advancement of decomposition process verifies the multi-step reaction pathway. The decomposition process takes place through three independent single-step reactions and one consecutive reactions step. The consecutive stage represents a path to the industrial production of valuable heterocyclic organic compounds (furan) and N-heterocyclic compounds (pyrroles), building a green-protocol trail. It was found that a high heating rate stimulates a high production of furan from cellulose degradation via the ring opening step, while a low heating rate favors the production of urea compounds (methylolurea hemiformal (HFn)) by means of methylene ether bridges breaking.

摘要

本研究报道了对用生物炭（由废弃蘑菇培养基（SMS）水热碳化制得）改性的脲醛（UF）树脂（UF-HC）进行结构表征、热稳定性评估及非等温分解动力学研究的结果。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线衍射分析对UF-HC进行的结构表征表明，UF-HC由大量球状颗粒组成，这些颗粒相互连接形成簇状。它构成了团聚体，团聚体由具有弯曲板状形态的晶体组成，包括结晶的UF结构和具有氧化面的石墨晶格（氧化石墨烯，GO）。使用同步热重-差热分析（TGA-DTA）在不同加热速率下进行了固有热稳定性测量和非等温分解动力学分析。从热稳定性评估中获得的参数表明UF-HC具有显著的热稳定性。随着分解过程的推进，活化能和指前因子的显著变化证实了多步反应途径。分解过程通过三个独立的单步反应和一个连续反应步骤进行。连续阶段代表了一条通往有价值的杂环有机化合物（呋喃）和N-杂环化合物（吡咯）工业生产的途径，构建了一条绿色协议路径。研究发现，高加热速率通过开环步骤刺激纤维素降解产生大量呋喃，而低加热速率有利于通过亚甲基醚桥断裂生成脲化合物（羟甲基脲半缩甲醛（HFn））。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/05b551b4411b/polymers-17-01375-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/c063eb84b42e/polymers-17-01375-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/d4be4ad32ea5/polymers-17-01375-g002.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/a1b81174b77a/polymers-17-01375-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/2db225bf7d32/polymers-17-01375-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/5a907f23e77c/polymers-17-01375-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/229290aff627/polymers-17-01375-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/7319bdf8d847/polymers-17-01375-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/5267e72ddd86/polymers-17-01375-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/01b988708b8f/polymers-17-01375-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/6f9a655223b1/polymers-17-01375-g011a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/789b534ee904/polymers-17-01375-sch001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/05b551b4411b/polymers-17-01375-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/c063eb84b42e/polymers-17-01375-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/d4be4ad32ea5/polymers-17-01375-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/ad4e503b50c5/polymers-17-01375-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/a1b81174b77a/polymers-17-01375-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/2db225bf7d32/polymers-17-01375-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/5a907f23e77c/polymers-17-01375-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/229290aff627/polymers-17-01375-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/7319bdf8d847/polymers-17-01375-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/5267e72ddd86/polymers-17-01375-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/01b988708b8f/polymers-17-01375-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/6f9a655223b1/polymers-17-01375-g011a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/789b534ee904/polymers-17-01375-sch001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a31/12115115/05b551b4411b/polymers-17-01375-g012.jpg

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