Eyjolfsdottir Helga, Gudmundsson Thorkell Eli, Teitsdottir Unnur Dilja, Petersen Petur Henry, Johnsen Kristinn, Johannsson Magnus, Olafsdottir Olof Birna, Hardarson Sveinn Hakon, Stefansson Einar, Sturludottir Margret, Ivarsson Isak Orn, Jonsdottir Maria K, Snaedal Jon
Memory clinic, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland.
Memory clinic, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland.
Laeknabladid. 2025 Jun;111(6):262-268. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2025.06.844.
Mild cognitive change is common with increasing age and may generate concern. Two stages of mild cognitive changes have been defined; subjective cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is confirmed through cognitive testing. Individuals referred to the Landspítali memory clinic and diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment were invited to participate in the study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of individuals with MCI having a disorder leading to dementia.
214 individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment from 2014 to 2017, fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and signed an informed consent and participated in the study. Mean age was 72.5 years and mean MMSE score was 27.5 out of a maximum of 30.
Of 214 participants diagnosed with MCI at first visit, 73 (34%) were diagnosed with underlying disease causing the symptoms. Following neuropsychological test battery, 26 (12%) did not fulfill diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment, as they did normal cognition on neuropsychological testing, and did not receive further follow-up. Consequently, 115 (54%) were followed up for one year and 79 after two years. At the end of the study, 47 (41%) did still fulfill diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment but two participants had improved their cognitive performance and therefore no longer diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. Ten participants did not finish the study.
One third of participants with diagnosed mild cognitive impairment were diagnosed with underlying disease and a large proportion of participants were furthermore diagnosed with a progressive disease during the study period. Early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment will be of increasing importance when new disease modifying drugs for common neurodegenerative diseases become accessible.
轻度认知变化随着年龄增长很常见，可能会引发担忧。轻度认知变化已被定义为两个阶段；主观认知障碍和轻度认知障碍（MCI），后者通过认知测试得到确认。被转诊至兰斯皮塔尔记忆诊所并被诊断为轻度认知障碍的个体受邀参与该研究。该研究的目的是评估患有MCI的个体患导致痴呆症疾病的风险。
2014年至2017年期间被诊断为轻度认知障碍的214名个体符合研究纳入标准，签署了知情同意书并参与了该研究。平均年龄为72.5岁，平均简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）得分为27.5分（满分30分）。
在首次就诊时被诊断为MCI的214名参与者中，73名（34%）被诊断出患有导致这些症状的基础疾病。经过神经心理测试组合后，26名（12%）未达到轻度认知障碍的诊断标准，因为他们在神经心理测试中认知正常，未接受进一步随访。因此，115名（54%）接受了一年的随访，79名接受了两年的随访。在研究结束时，47名（41%）仍符合轻度认知障碍的诊断标准，但有两名参与者的认知表现有所改善，因此不再被诊断为轻度认知障碍。十名参与者未完成研究。
三分之一被诊断为轻度认知障碍的参与者被诊断出患有基础疾病，并且在研究期间很大一部分参与者还被诊断出患有进展性疾病。当常见神经退行性疾病的新型疾病修饰药物可用时，轻度认知障碍的早期诊断将变得越来越重要。
