Saadatfar Hamid, Khademi Sara, Behdani Behnaz, Eshghi AmirHossein
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Sleep Breath. 2025 May 28;29(3):198. doi: 10.1007/s11325-025-03355-7.
Insomnia is recognized as one of the major sleep disorders, with a growing prevalence rate worldwide, exerting various effects on individuals' physical and mental health. This disorder is characterized by difficulties in falling asleep, restless sleep, and staying awake for extended periods during the night. Insomnia among young adults, particularly students, is of special concern.
In this paper, we analyzed previous studies from multiple perspectives to draw a comprehensive conclusion. These researches were categorized according to various aspects, including the target population, geographical location, and study year. In addition, the factors influencing insomnia, as reported in each study, were extracted. Furthermore, the tools used for data collection and analysis in these studies were reviewed. These tools included questionnaires and methods of data analysis. The role of data analysis methods is crucial, and thus, the evolution of these tools has been examined in this research.
In the disk diffusion test, the inhibition zones of eugenol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde were 15 ± 1, 29 ± 2, and 30 ± 1 mm, respectively. The MIC of eugenol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde were 260, 119, and 128 µg/mL, respectively. The time-kill assay demonstrated the rapid bactericidal effects of eugenol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde at 2× MIC, with kill times of 6, 2, and 3 h, respectively. At the MIC, the kill times were 12, 10, and 12 h, respectively. These compounds significantly released proteins and nucleic acids from the treated bacteria. They also inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted mature biofilms. Furthermore, mrkA and treC expression levels were significantly reduced in the presence of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde.
These Findings can help develop effective strategies to improve students' sleep quality.
失眠被认为是主要的睡眠障碍之一，在全球范围内患病率不断上升，对个人的身心健康产生各种影响。这种障碍的特征是入睡困难、睡眠不安以及夜间长时间保持清醒。年轻人，尤其是学生中的失眠问题备受关注。
在本文中，我们从多个角度分析了先前的研究以得出全面的结论。这些研究根据包括目标人群、地理位置和研究年份等各个方面进行了分类。此外，提取了每项研究中报告的影响失眠的因素。此外，还审查了这些研究中用于数据收集和分析的工具。这些工具包括问卷和数据分析方法。数据分析方法的作用至关重要，因此，本研究考察了这些工具的演变。
在纸片扩散试验中，丁香酚、香芹酚和肉桂醛的抑菌圈分别为15±1、29±2和30±1毫米。丁香酚、香芹酚和肉桂醛的最低抑菌浓度分别为260、119和128微克/毫升。时间杀菌试验表明，丁香酚、香芹酚和肉桂醛在2倍最低抑菌浓度时具有快速杀菌作用，杀菌时间分别为6、2和3小时。在最低抑菌浓度时，杀菌时间分别为12、10和12小时。这些化合物能从处理过的细菌中显著释放蛋白质和核酸。它们还抑制生物膜形成并破坏成熟生物膜。此外，在丁香酚和肉桂醛存在的情况下，mrkA和treC的表达水平显著降低。
这些发现有助于制定有效的策略来提高学生的睡眠质量。
