Delaval Mathilde N, Czech Hendryk, Almasaleekh Mohammad, Offer Svenja, Pantzke Jana, Ihalainen Mika, Yli-Pirilä Pasi, Somero Markus, Kortelainen Miika, Gawlitta Nadine, Orasche Jürgen, Jakobi Gert, Shukla Deeksha, Martens Patrick, Paul Andreas, Fang Zheng, Pardo Michal, Barth Alexandre, Utinger Battist, Jeong Seongho, Rastak Narges, Kuhn Evelyn, Huber Anja, Mukherjee Arya, Mesceriakovas Arunas, Joutsensaari Jorma, Leskinen Jani, Hartikainen Anni, Passig Johannes, Oeder Sebastian, Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen, Hohaus Thorsten, Kiendler-Scharr Astrid, Kalberer Markus, Di Bucchianico Sebastiano, Rudich Yinon, Sippula Olli, Zimmermann Ralf
Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
JMSC at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2025 May 30;11(22):eadq2348. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adq2348. Epub 2025 May 28.
Tailpipe emissions from road traffic contribute substantially to the burden of fine inhalable particulate matter (PM) and deteriorate air quality. Exhaust emission standards, forcing improvements in combustion and exhaust after-treatment technology, considerably decreases combustion-related PM emitted by modern cars. A549 cancerous alveolar and BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells were exposed at the air-liquid interface to the total aerosol or gas phase of either fresh or photochemically aged tailpipe emissions from a gasoline EURO 6d car equipped with a gasoline particulate filter. Diluted fresh emissions contained particle number concentrations comparable to low ambient air levels and induced no detectable cytotoxicity. Photochemical aging led to the formation of secondary aerosols and caused significant cytotoxicity. While the aged aerosol induced significant DNA damage, oxidative stress was more associated with volatile secondary species. Our results call for the consideration of the exhaust emission atmospheric transformation processes in future emission standards toward health effect-driven emission regulations.
道路交通的尾气排放是可吸入细颗粒物（PM）负担的重要来源，会使空气质量恶化。尾气排放标准促使燃烧和尾气后处理技术得到改进，从而大幅减少了现代汽车燃烧产生的PM排放。将A549癌细胞肺泡和BEAS-2B正常支气管上皮细胞在气液界面暴露于配备汽油颗粒过滤器的欧6d汽油车新鲜或光化学老化尾气排放的总气溶胶或气相中。稀释后的新鲜排放物中的颗粒数浓度与低环境空气水平相当，且未检测到细胞毒性。光化学老化导致二次气溶胶的形成，并引起显著的细胞毒性。虽然老化的气溶胶会引起显著的DNA损伤，但氧化应激与挥发性二次物种的关联更大。我们的研究结果呼吁在未来的排放标准中考虑尾气排放的大气转化过程，以制定以健康影响为导向的排放法规。
