Duong Loan D, Lu Xin
Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Immunotherapy. 2025 May;17(7):525-536. doi: 10.1080/1750743X.2025.2511472. Epub 2025 May 29.
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. While early-stage disease is readily treated, advanced-stage prostate cancer has a poor survival rate and limited effective therapies. Immunotherapy has achieved significant success in other malignancies, but prostate cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive, "cold" tumor microenvironment that blunts immunotherapy efficacy. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions - such as ketogenic diets, methionine restriction, and bioactive compounds like white button mushroom extract - can modulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy responses in preclinical and early clinical studies. Additionally, specific diet-derived factors (such as the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate) have demonstrated anti-tumor immune effects on their own, representing new avenues for combination therapy. While prior reviews have addressed diet or immunotherapy in prostate cancer independently, this review integrates these domains with the aim of offering a streamlined perspective. This brief review synthesizes recent findings on dietary modulation of prostate cancer immunity, with a focus on mechanistic insights that may be leveraged to augment immunotherapy, to suggest potential combination strategies and inform future translational efforts.
前列腺癌是男性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。虽然早期疾病易于治疗，但晚期前列腺癌的生存率很低且有效治疗方法有限。免疫疗法在其他恶性肿瘤中取得了显著成功，但前列腺癌的特征是具有免疫抑制性的“冷”肿瘤微环境，这削弱了免疫疗法的疗效。新出现的证据表明，饮食干预措施——如生酮饮食、蛋氨酸限制以及白蘑菇提取物等生物活性化合物——在临床前和早期临床研究中可以调节肿瘤微环境并增强免疫疗法反应。此外，特定的饮食衍生因子（如酮体β-羟基丁酸酯）已显示出自身的抗肿瘤免疫作用，这代表了联合治疗的新途径。虽然之前的综述分别探讨了前列腺癌中的饮食或免疫疗法，但本综述将这些领域整合在一起，旨在提供一个简化的视角。这篇简短的综述综合了关于饮食调节前列腺癌免疫的最新研究结果，重点关注可能用于增强免疫疗法的机制见解，以提出潜在的联合策略并为未来的转化研究提供信息。
